Anderson M G, Comer P J, Beier P, Lawler J J, Schloss C A, Buttrick S, Albano C M, Faith D P
The Nature Conservancy, 99 Bedford Street, Boston, MA, 02111, U.S.A.
NatureServe, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, 80303, U.S.A.
Conserv Biol. 2015 Jun;29(3):680-91. doi: 10.1111/cobi.12503. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
Geodiversity has been used as a surrogate for biodiversity when species locations are unknown, and this utility can be extended to situations where species locations are in flux. Recently, scientists have designed conservation networks that aim to explicitly represent the range of geophysical environments, identifying a network of physical stages that could sustain biodiversity while allowing for change in species composition in response to climate change. Because there is no standard approach to designing such networks, we compiled 8 case studies illustrating a variety of ways scientists have approached the challenge. These studies show how geodiversity has been partitioned and used to develop site portfolios and connectivity designs; how geodiversity-based portfolios compare with those derived from species and communities; and how the selection and combination of variables influences the results. Collectively, they suggest 4 key steps when using geodiversity to augment traditional biodiversity-based conservation planning: create land units from species-relevant variables combined in an ecologically meaningful way; represent land units in a logical spatial configuration and integrate with species locations when possible; apply selection criteria to individual sites to ensure they are appropriate for conservation; and develop connectivity among sites to maintain movements and processes. With these considerations, conservationists can design more effective site portfolios to ensure the lasting conservation of biodiversity under a changing climate.
当地物种分布情况未知时，地质多样性可作为生物多样性的替代指标，而且这种用途可扩展到物种分布处于变化之中的情况。最近，科学家们设计了保护网络，旨在明确呈现地球物理环境的范围，确定一个能够维持生物多样性同时允许物种组成随气候变化而变化的物理阶段网络。由于设计此类网络没有标准方法，我们汇编了8个案例研究，展示了科学家应对这一挑战的各种方式。这些研究表明了地质多样性是如何被划分并用于制定场地组合和连通性设计的；基于地质多样性的组合与从物种和群落得出的组合相比情况如何；以及变量的选择和组合如何影响结果。总体而言，它们提出了利用地质多样性来加强传统的基于生物多样性的保护规划时的4个关键步骤：从以生态上有意义的方式组合的与物种相关的变量中创建土地单元；以合理的空间配置呈现土地单元，并在可能的情况下与物种分布情况相结合；对各个场地应用选择标准，以确保它们适合保护；以及在场地之间建立连通性，以维持迁移和过程。考虑到这些因素，保护主义者可以设计出更有效的场地组合，以确保在气候变化的情况下生物多样性得到持久保护。
