Akhtar Nida, Verma Anurag, Pathak Kamla
Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, P.O. Chhattikara, Mathura- 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(20):2892-913. doi: 10.2174/1381612821666150428150456.
The prevalence of fungal infections of skin has increased rapidly, affecting approximately 40 million people across the globe. A wide variety of antifungal drugs has been utilized in the effective management of numerous dermatological infections. Topical treatment of fungal infections has proved to be quite advantageous due to various factors like targeting the site of infection, minimizing systemic side effects, enhanced efficacy of treatment, and improved patient compliance. In spite the fact that these agents are therapeutically active on topical application, these have restricted drug delivery across the skin resulting in insufficient therapeutic index and may exert local as well as systemic side effects. The accomplishment of topical drug delivery needs to pacify two anomalous aspects, first the barrier nature of stratum corneum, and second, deposition of drug within the skin should be ideally achieved with limited percutaneous absorption. Thus, to facilitate the delivery of antifungal drugs and improve the treatment aspects, various novel delivery carriers have been developed. This article attempts to provide an in-depth knowledge of nanoparticulate and vesicular carriers. This article focuses on the different aspects of fungal infections and their effective treatment with antifungal drugs. Efficacy of various carrier systems (nanoparticulate and vesicular carriers) in delivering antifungal drugs topically has also been discussed. Besides, compiling various research reports, this article also includes formulation considerations inclusive of regulatory aspects of excipients used, the mechanisms of penetration, and patents reported.
皮肤真菌感染的患病率迅速上升，全球约有4000万人受到影响。多种抗真菌药物已被用于有效治疗众多皮肤感染。由于多种因素，如靶向感染部位、将全身副作用降至最低、提高治疗效果以及改善患者依从性，真菌感染的局部治疗已被证明具有相当大的优势。尽管这些药物局部应用时有治疗活性，但它们限制了药物透过皮肤的递送，导致治疗指数不足，并且可能产生局部和全身副作用。局部给药的实现需要解决两个异常问题，一是角质层的屏障性质，二是理想情况下应在有限的经皮吸收的情况下实现药物在皮肤内的沉积。因此，为了促进抗真菌药物的递送并改善治疗效果，人们开发了各种新型给药载体。本文试图深入介绍纳米颗粒和囊泡载体。本文重点关注真菌感染的不同方面以及用抗真菌药物进行有效治疗的方法。还讨论了各种载体系统（纳米颗粒和囊泡载体）局部递送抗真菌药物的效果。此外，在汇编各种研究报告的同时，本文还包括制剂方面的考虑，包括所用辅料的监管方面、渗透机制以及已报道的专利。
