Mehndiratta Prachi, Wasay Mohammad, Mehndiratta Man Mohan
Vascular Neurology Fellow, McKim Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., USA.
Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;39(5-6):302-8. doi: 10.1159/000381832. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
Stroke affects 16.9 million people annually and the greatest burden of stroke is in low- and middle-income countries, where 69% of all strokes occur. Stroke risk factors, mortality and outcomes differ in developing countries as compared to the developed world. We performed a literature review of 28 articles pertaining to epidemiology of stroke in Asian women, stroke risk factors, gender-related differences, and stroke outcomes.
Asian women differ from women worldwide due to differences in stroke awareness, risk factor profile, stroke subtypes, and social issues that impact stroke care. While Asian men have a higher incidence of stroke as compared to women overall, the long- and short-term outcomes in Asian women tend to be poorer. Both conventional and gender-specific risk factors contribute to stroke risk. Oral contraceptive use and addictions such as tobacco and alcohol are less prevalent among Asian women due to socio cultural differences. There is however, a much higher preponderance of pregnancy-related stroke and cardio-embolic stroke secondary to rheumatic heart disease and heavy use of chewing tobacco. The overall outcome is poor due to poor access to health care and lack of resources. Key Messages: Our review exposed the gaps in our knowledge about stroke risk factors and differences in stroke care provided to Asian women. While there are sociocultural barriers that impede the provision of immediate care to these stroke patients, much needs to be done by way of prevention of recurrent stroke and treatment of risk factors.
中风每年影响1690万人，中风的最大负担在低收入和中等收入国家，这些国家发生了全球69%的中风病例。与发达国家相比，发展中国家的中风风险因素、死亡率和预后有所不同。我们对28篇有关亚洲女性中风流行病学、中风风险因素、性别相关差异及中风预后的文章进行了文献综述。
亚洲女性在中风认知、风险因素特征、中风亚型以及影响中风护理的社会问题等方面与全球女性存在差异。虽然总体上亚洲男性中风发病率高于女性，但亚洲女性的长期和短期预后往往较差。传统风险因素和特定性别的风险因素都会导致中风风险。由于社会文化差异，口服避孕药的使用以及烟草和酒精等成瘾行为在亚洲女性中不太普遍。然而，与妊娠相关的中风以及风湿性心脏病继发的心源性栓塞性中风和大量嚼烟导致的中风更为常见。由于获得医疗保健的机会有限和资源匮乏，总体预后较差。关键信息：我们的综述揭示了我们在中风风险因素以及为亚洲女性提供的中风护理差异方面的知识空白。虽然存在阻碍为这些中风患者提供即时护理的社会文化障碍，但在预防中风复发和治疗风险因素方面仍有许多工作要做。
