Eliades Theodore
Professor and director, Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015 May;147(5 Suppl):S224-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.03.007.
The advances in the field of materials as they relate to orthodontics can be divided into the actual evolution of materials applied to daily practice and the changes in research methods to study the performance and the biologic properties of the materials. Although it is evident that new materials have saturated the market during the past century, the basic concepts of attaching one appliance to the enamel to use as a grip and inserting wires into that to control the spatial orientation of a tooth are identical to the original concepts. In contrast to that, the numbers of treatises about those subjects and the complexity of instrumentation and analytic tools used in published research have advanced tremendously and at a frenetic pace. This highly specialized pattern of research may effectively raise boundaries across research areas, since the complexity of the issues allows researchers to comprehend the content of journal articles in a narrow spectrum of disciplines. The purposes of this article were to review the advances in the research methods for investigating the various properties of orthodontic materials and to assist the reader in navigating this topic. A synopsis of the materials is also provided, listing future applications that already exist at the experimental stage or are yet unavailable but with the relevant technology already presented in broader scientific disciplines.
材料科学领域中与正畸学相关的进展可分为应用于日常实践的材料的实际演变以及研究材料性能和生物学特性的研究方法的变化。尽管在过去的一个世纪里，新材料充斥市场是显而易见的，但将一个矫治器附着在牙釉质上作为握持装置，并在其中插入弓丝以控制牙齿空间位置的基本概念与最初的概念并无二致。相比之下，关于这些主题的论文数量以及已发表研究中使用的仪器和分析工具的复杂性都有了极大的提高，且发展速度极快。这种高度专业化的研究模式可能会有效地提高各研究领域之间的界限，因为问题的复杂性使得研究人员只能理解狭窄学科范围内的期刊文章内容。本文旨在回顾研究正畸材料各种性能的研究方法的进展，并帮助读者了解这一主题。还提供了材料的概述，列出了已处于实验阶段或尚未实现但相关技术已在更广泛的科学学科中出现的未来应用。
