Afferent connections of the valvula cerebelli in two teleosts, the common goldfish and the green sunfish.

The afferent connections of the valvula cerebelli were examined in one cypriniform teleost (Carassius auratus) and one perciform teleost (Lepomis cyanellus) with the use of horseradish peroxidase as a retrograde tracer. Both species have ipsilateral input to the valvula from the central pretectal and dorsal accessory optic nuclei, the dorsal and ventral tegmental nuclei, the lateral nucleus of the valvula, the perilemniscal nucleus, and nucleus isthmi and contralateral input from the inferior olivary nucleus. In addition, Carassius has ipsilateral valvulopetal projections from the eminentia granularis, the prae-eminential nucleus, and the isthmic primary sensory trigeminal nucleus, whereas Lepomis has bilateral (stronger ipsilaterally) valvulopetal projections from the nucleus of the locus coeruleus and the rostral corpus cerebelli. The topographical order of the cerebellopetal projections of the lateral nucleus of the valvula and inferior olive is also described, as are differential inputs to various subdivisions of the cerebellum in the two species. Information on valvulopetal projections in teleosts has thus far been limited to electroreceptive mormyrids. The present study shows that many valvular inputs related to electroreception in mormyrids have no homologue in Carassius and Lepomis. Finally, the present study indicates that the rostral part of the corpus cerebelli, but not the valvula cerebelli, in teleosts is the homologue of the anterior lobe of the corpus cerebelli in cartilaginous fishes. Thus, the valvula cerebelli is a shared derived feature (synapomorphy) of all ray-finned fishes.