Rabiei Ali, Nakhaee Nouzar, Pourhosseini Samira Sadat
1. Dept. of Media and Communications Management Payam Noor University , Tehran, Iran.
2. Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran.
Iran J Public Health. 2014 Aug;43(8):1132-8.
Natural disasters result in numerous economic, social, psychological and cultural consequences. Of them, psychological consequences of disasters will affect the lives of people long after the critical conditions finish. Thus, concerning the importance of psychological support in disasters, this study has identified problems and weaknesses in dealing with the psychological effects of the disasters occurred in Iran.
This qualitative study was carried out using semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups. Sample volume consisted of 26 experts in the field of disaster management. Content analysis was used to analyze data.
Nine major problems were identified as weaknesses in handling the psychological effects of the disaster. These weaknesses include: rescuers' unfamiliarity with the basic principles of psychosocial support, shortage of relevant experts and inadequate training, paying no attention to the needs of specific groups, weaknesses in organizational communications, discontinuation of psychological support after disaster, unfamiliarity with native language and culture of the disaster area, little attention paid by media to psychological principles in broadcasting news, people's long-term dependence on governmental aid.
Disaster management has various aspects; in Iran, less attention has been paid to psychological support in disasters. Increasing education at all levels, establishing responsible structures and programming seem necessary in dealing with the psychological effects of disasters.
自然灾害会导致众多经济、社会、心理和文化后果。其中，灾害的心理后果在危急状况结束后仍会长期影响人们的生活。因此，鉴于心理支持在灾害中的重要性，本研究确定了伊朗在应对灾害心理影响方面存在的问题和不足。
本定性研究采用半结构化深度访谈和焦点小组的方法。样本量包括26名灾害管理领域的专家。采用内容分析法对数据进行分析。
确定了九个主要问题，这些问题是在处理灾害心理影响方面的薄弱环节。这些薄弱环节包括：救援人员不熟悉心理社会支持的基本原则、相关专家短缺且培训不足、忽视特定群体的需求、组织沟通存在缺陷、灾害后心理支持中断、不熟悉灾区的母语和文化、媒体在新闻报道中对心理原则关注甚少、民众长期依赖政府援助。
灾害管理有多个方面；在伊朗，对灾害中的心理支持关注较少。在应对灾害的心理影响方面，加强各级教育、建立责任结构和制定规划似乎很有必要。
