Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of PublicHealth, Public Health Preparedness Programs, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2012 Oct;6(3):217-31. doi: 10.1001/dmp.2012.47.
Experts generally agree that individuals will require partial or complete self-sufficiency for at least the first 72 hours following a disaster. In the face of pervasive environmental and weather hazards, emerging biological threats, and growing population densities in urban areas, personal preparedness is critical. However, disaster planners and policymakers require further information to create meaningful improvements to this aspect of disaster preparedness. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to determine the state of evidence concerning personal disaster preparedness. The purpose of this integrative review is to describe and analyze the professional literature as an intended basis for advancing the field of disaster management research and practice. Included in the review were 36 studies that met the predetermined inclusion criteria. The current evidence indicates that factors influencing preparedness attitudes and behaviors are complex and multifaceted, including demographic characteristics, trust in government efforts, previous exposure to a disaster, and number of dependents in a household. Furthermore, certain population groups, households, and individuals have different disaster preparedness needs and vulnerabilities. This constellation of findings has significant implications for community and national emergency planning and policymaking.
专家普遍认为，个人至少在前灾难发生后的 72 小时内需要部分或完全的自给自足。面对普遍存在的环境和天气危害、新出现的生物威胁以及城市地区人口密度的不断增长，个人的准备工作至关重要。然而，灾难规划者和决策者需要进一步的信息，以便在这方面的灾难准备工作上做出有意义的改进。为了确定有关个人灾难准备的证据状况，对文献进行了系统的回顾。本次综合回顾的目的是描述和分析专业文献，作为推进灾难管理研究和实践领域的基础。纳入审查的有 36 项符合预定纳入标准的研究。目前的证据表明，影响准备态度和行为的因素是复杂的、多方面的，包括人口特征、对政府努力的信任、以前经历过的灾害以及家庭中的受抚养人数。此外，某些人群、家庭和个人有不同的灾难准备需求和脆弱性。这些发现对社区和国家应急规划和决策具有重要意义。
