Negård Mariell, Uhlig Silvio, Kauserud Håvard, Andersen Tom, Høiland Klaus, Vrålstad Trude
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway.
Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
Toxins (Basel). 2015 Apr 28;7(5):1431-56. doi: 10.3390/toxins7051431.
The grass parasitic fungus Claviceps purpurea sensu lato produces sclerotia with toxic indole alkaloids. It constitutes several genetic groups with divergent habitat preferences that recently were delimited into separate proposed species. We aimed to 1) analyze genetic variation of C. purpurea sensu lato in Norway, 2) characterize the associated indole alkaloid profiles, and 3) explore relationships between genetics, alkaloid chemistry and ecology. Approximately 600 sclerotia from 14 different grass species were subjected to various analyses including DNA sequencing and HPLC-MS. Molecular results, supported by chemical and ecological data, revealed one new genetic group (G4) in addition to two of the three known; G1 (C. purpurea sensu stricto) and G2 (C. humidiphila). G3 (C. spartinae) was not found. G4, which was apparently con-specific with the recently described C. arundinis sp. nov, was predominantly found in very wet habitats on Molinia caerulea and infrequently in saline habitats on Leymus arenarius. Its indole-diterpene profile resembled G2, while its ergot alkaloid profile differed from G2 in high amounts of ergosedmam. In contrast to G1, indole-diterpenes were consistently present in G2 and G4. Our study supports and complements the newly proposed species delimitation of the C. purpurea complex, but challenges some species characteristics including host spectrum, habitat preferences and sclerotial floating ability.
禾本科寄生真菌麦角菌复合种（Claviceps purpurea sensu lato）产生含有有毒吲哚生物碱的菌核。它由几个具有不同栖息地偏好的遗传群体组成，这些群体最近被划定为不同的拟议物种。我们旨在：1）分析挪威麦角菌复合种的遗传变异；2）表征相关的吲哚生物碱谱；3）探索遗传学、生物碱化学与生态学之间的关系。对来自14种不同禾本科植物的约600个菌核进行了包括DNA测序和高效液相色谱 - 质谱联用等各种分析。分子结果在化学和生态数据的支持下，除了已知的三个群体中的两个，即G1（狭义麦角菌C. purpurea sensu stricto）和G2（嗜湿麦角菌C. humidiphila）之外，还揭示了一个新的遗传群体（G4）。未发现G3（ Spartinae麦角菌C. spartinae）。G4显然与最近描述的新物种C. arundinis sp. nov同属一个物种，主要发现于蓝羊茅（Molinia caerulea）上非常潮湿的栖息地，偶尔也见于沙生赖草（Leymus arenarius）上的盐渍栖息地。其吲哚二萜谱类似于G2，而其麦角生物碱谱在麦角司他明含量高方面与G2不同。与G1不同，吲哚二萜在G2和G4中始终存在。我们的研究支持并补充了新提出的麦角菌复合种的物种划分，但对一些物种特征提出了挑战，包括寄主谱、栖息地偏好和菌核漂浮能力。
