Powell Rachael, Pattison Helen M, Francis Jill J
a School of Psychological Sciences and Manchester Centre for Health Psychology , University of Manchester , Coupland 1 Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL , UK.
b School of Life and Health Sciences , Aston University , Birmingham , UK.
Psychol Health Med. 2016;21(1):38-51. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2015.1034733. Epub 2015 May 1.
Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that has potentially serious consequences unless detected and treated early. The health service in the UK offers clinic-based testing for chlamydia but uptake is low. Identifying the predictors of testing behaviours may inform interventions to increase uptake. Self-tests for chlamydia may facilitate testing and treatment in people who avoid clinic-based testing. Self-testing and being tested by a health care professional (HCP) involve two contrasting contexts that may influence testing behaviour. However, little is known about how predictors of behaviour differ as a function of context. In this study, theoretical models of behaviour were used to assess factors that may predict intention to test in two different contexts: self-testing and being tested by a HCP. Individuals searching for or reading about chlamydia testing online were recruited using Google Adwords. Participants completed an online questionnaire that addressed previous testing behaviour and measured constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Protection Motivation Theory, which propose a total of eight possible predictors of intention. The questionnaire was completed by 310 participants. Sufficient data for multiple regression were provided by 102 and 118 respondents for self-testing and testing by a HCP respectively. Intention to self-test was predicted by vulnerability and self-efficacy, with a trend-level effect for response efficacy. Intention to be tested by a HCP was predicted by vulnerability, attitude and subjective norm. Thus, intentions to carry out two testing behaviours with very similar goals can have different predictors depending on test context. We conclude that interventions to increase self-testing should be based on evidence specifically related to test context.
衣原体是一种常见的性传播感染疾病，若不及早发现和治疗，可能会产生严重后果。英国的医疗服务机构提供基于诊所的衣原体检测，但检测率较低。识别检测行为的预测因素可能有助于制定提高检测率的干预措施。衣原体自我检测可能会促进那些避免基于诊所检测的人群进行检测和治疗。自我检测和由医疗保健专业人员（HCP）进行检测涉及两种可能影响检测行为的不同情境。然而，对于行为预测因素如何因情境而异，我们知之甚少。在本研究中，行为理论模型被用于评估在两种不同情境下可能预测检测意愿的因素：自我检测和由HCP检测。通过谷歌关键词广告招募了在网上搜索或阅读衣原体检测相关内容的个体。参与者完成了一份在线问卷，该问卷涉及以往的检测行为，并测量了计划行为理论和保护动机理论的构成要素，这两种理论共提出了八个可能的意愿预测因素。310名参与者完成了问卷。分别有102名和118名受访者提供了足够用于多元回归的数据，用于自我检测和由HCP检测的分析。自我检测意愿由易感性和自我效能感预测，反应效能感有趋势水平的影响。由HCP检测的意愿由易感性、态度和主观规范预测。因此，目标非常相似的两种检测行为的意愿可能因检测情境不同而有不同的预测因素。我们得出结论，提高自我检测率的干预措施应基于与检测情境具体相关的证据。
