School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Br J Health Psychol. 2015 May;20(2):396-412. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12108. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
To address the scarcity of comprehensive, theory-based research in the Australian context, this study, using a theory of planned behaviour (TPB) framework, investigated the role of personal and social norms to identify the key predictors of adult Australians' sun-safe intentions and behaviour.
The study used a prospective design with two waves of data collection, 1 week apart.
Participants were 816 adults (48.2% men) aged between 18 and 88 years recruited from urban, regional, and rural areas of Australia. At baseline, participants completed a questionnaire assessing the standard TPB predictors (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control [PBC]), past behaviour, behavioural intention, and additional measures of group norm for the referent groups of friends and family, image norm, personal norm, personal choice/responsibility, and Australian identity. Seventy-one per cent of the participants (n = 577) reported on their sun-safe behaviour in the subsequent week.
Via path modelling, past behaviour, attitude, group norm (friends), personal norm, and personal choice/responsibility emerged as independent predictors of intentions which, in turn, predicted sun-safe behaviour prospectively. Past behaviour, but not PBC, had direct effects on sun-safe behaviour. The model explained 61.6% and 43.9% of the variance in intention and behaviour, respectively.
This study provides support for the use of a comprehensive theoretical decision-making model to explain Australian adults' sun-safe intentions and behaviours and identifies viable targets for health-promoting messages in this high-risk context. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Identifying determinants of sun-safe behaviour is vital in high-risk cancer areas like Australia. For young Australians, friendship group norm is a key influence of intentions and behaviour. Little is known about drivers of sun safety, especially norms, among Australian adults in general. What does this study add? This study drew on qualitative data and reconceptualized norms for Australians' sun-safe decisions. Friendship group norm and personal norm, not family group norm, influence sun-safe intentions. Perceived responsibility and choice to be sun safe also impact on people's intentions.
针对澳大利亚缺乏全面、基于理论的研究这一情况，本研究使用计划行为理论（TPB）框架，调查了个人和社会规范的作用，以确定关键预测因素，从而了解澳大利亚成年人的防晒意图和行为。
本研究采用前瞻性设计，分两个阶段进行数据收集，间隔一周。
参与者为 816 名年龄在 18 至 88 岁之间的成年人（48.2%为男性），他们来自澳大利亚的城市、地区和农村地区。在基线时，参与者完成了一份调查问卷，评估了 TPB 标准预测因素（态度、主观规范和感知行为控制[PBC]）、过去行为、行为意图以及对朋友和家人参考群体的群体规范、形象规范、个人规范、个人选择/责任和澳大利亚身份的额外测量。71%的参与者（n=577）在接下来的一周内报告了他们的防晒行为。
通过路径建模，过去行为、态度、群体规范（朋友）、个人规范和个人选择/责任成为意图的独立预测因素，而意图反过来又前瞻性地预测了防晒行为。过去行为而不是 PBC 对防晒行为有直接影响。该模型分别解释了意图和行为变异的 61.6%和 43.9%。
本研究支持使用全面的理论决策模型来解释澳大利亚成年人的防晒意图和行为，并确定了在这一高风险环境中促进健康信息的可行目标。
