San Millán Marta, Kaliontzopoulou Antigoni, Rissech Carme, Turbón Daniel
Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
J Hum Evol. 2015 Jun;83:15-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.03.007. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
The description of acetabular shape variation among primates is essential for our understanding of the locomotor behaviour and ecology of both extant and fossil species. In this study, we use two-dimensional geometric morphometrics to examine variation in acetabular shape in human and non-human primates and to determine the degree to which it co-varies with locomotor behaviour, while taking both intra and inter-specific variation into account. To these ends, we examined the acetabulum of 303 left hip bones of 27 extant genera of primates (including humans) with different locomotor behaviours. After accounting for shape variation due to sex, size, and phylogeny, the results confirm that acetabular shape varies significantly across locomotor groups. The two most differentiated locomotor groups are leapers and slow-climbing quadrupeds, which exhibit a unique acetabular shape. Furthermore, the acetabulum of humans differed significantly from all other groups, while no significant differences existed between chimpanzees and gorillas. The most noticeable differences are detected in both cranial and dorsal areas and around the acetabular horns. This variation in acetabular morphology may have biomechanical implications at the level of the hip joint, potentially determining joint range motion and load distribution during locomotion. Given the increasing number of published studies on fossil pelves, our results are widely applicable to fossil analyses, with critical implications for paleoanthropological analyses about the complex locomotor behaviour of fossil specimens and their classification into locomotor groups, which may enhance our understanding of their ecological habits.
对灵长类动物髋臼形状变异的描述，对于我们理解现存和化石物种的运动行为及生态至关重要。在本研究中，我们使用二维几何形态测量学来研究人类和非人类灵长类动物髋臼形状的变异，并确定其与运动行为的共变程度，同时考虑种内和种间变异。为此，我们检查了27个现存灵长类属（包括人类）、具有不同运动行为的303块左髋骨的髋臼。在考虑了性别、大小和系统发育引起的形状变异后，结果证实髋臼形状在不同运动组之间存在显著差异。两个差异最大的运动组是跳跃者和缓慢攀爬的四足动物，它们呈现出独特的髋臼形状。此外，人类的髋臼与所有其他组有显著差异，而黑猩猩和大猩猩之间没有显著差异。最明显的差异出现在髋臼的颅侧和背侧区域以及髋臼角周围。髋臼形态的这种变异可能在髋关节水平上具有生物力学意义，可能决定运动过程中的关节活动范围和负荷分布。鉴于关于化石骨盆的已发表研究数量不断增加，我们的结果广泛适用于化石分析，对古人类学分析化石标本的复杂运动行为及其在运动组中的分类具有关键意义，这可能增进我们对其生态习性的理解。
