Schweizer Manuel, Wright Timothy F, Peñalba Joshua V, Schirtzinger Erin E, Joseph Leo
Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bernastrasse 15, CH 3005 Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biology, MSC 3AF, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2015 Sep;90:34-48. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.021. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
The lories and lorikeets (Aves: Loriinae: Loriini) are a readily recognizable, discrete group of nectarivorous parrots confined to the Indo-Pacific region between Wallace's Line and the Pitcairn Island group in the central-east Pacific Ocean. We present the first phylogenetic analysis of all currently recognized genera in the group using two mitochondrial and five nuclear loci. Our analyses suggest a New Guinean origin for the group at about 10million years ago (95% HPD 4.8-14.8) but this origin must be interpreted within the context of that island's complicated, recent geological history. That is, the origin and early diversification of the group may have taken place as New Guinea's Central Cordillera arose and the final constituent terranes that form present-day New Guinea were accreted. The latter activity may have promoted dispersal as a key element in the group's history. We have detected several instances of dispersal out of New Guinea that we argue constitute instances of founder-event speciation. Some phenotypically cohesive genera are affirmed as monophyletic but other genera are clearly in need of taxonomic dismantlement and reclassification. We recognize Parvipsitta Mathews, 1916 for two species usually placed in Glossopsitta and we advocate transfer of Chalcopsitta cardinalis into Pseudeos Peters, 1935. Other non-monophyletic genera such as Charmosyna, Psitteuteles and, probably, Trichoglossus, require improved taxon sampling and further phylogenetic analysis before their systematics can be resolved. Cursory examination of trait mapping across the group suggests that many traits are ancestral and of little use in determining genus-level systematics.
吸蜜鹦鹉（鸟纲：吸蜜鹦鹉亚科：吸蜜鹦鹉族）是一类易于识别的、独特的食蜜鹦鹉群体，分布于华莱士线与东太平洋中部皮特凯恩群岛群之间的印度-太平洋地区。我们使用两个线粒体基因座和五个核基因座，对该群体中所有目前公认的属进行了首次系统发育分析。我们的分析表明，该群体大约在1000万年前起源于新几内亚（95%最高后验密度区间为480万 - 1480万年），但这一起源必须结合该岛复杂的近期地质历史来解读。也就是说，该群体的起源和早期分化可能发生在新几内亚中央山脉隆起以及构成现今新几内亚的最终地块拼合之时。后者的活动可能促进了扩散，而扩散是该群体历史中的一个关键因素。我们发现了几起从新几内亚向外扩散的事例，我们认为这些事例构成了奠基者事件物种形成的实例。一些表型上具有凝聚力的属被确认为单系，但其他属显然需要进行分类拆解和重新分类。我们认可1916年马修斯设立的小吸蜜鹦鹉属（Parvipsitta），该属包含两个通常被置于虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉属（Glossopsitta）的物种，并且我们主张将红胸绿吸蜜鹦鹉（Chalcopsitta cardinalis）归入1935年彼得斯设立的伪吸蜜鹦鹉属（Pseudeos）。其他非单系属，如姬吸蜜鹦鹉属（Charmosyna）、蓝冠吸蜜鹦鹉属（Psitteuteles）以及可能的彩虹吸蜜鹦鹉属（Trichoglossus），在其系统发育得到解决之前，需要改进分类群抽样并进行进一步的系统发育分析。对该群体性状图谱的初步检查表明，许多性状是祖先性状，在确定属级系统发育方面用处不大。
