ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy.
Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A. (CSM), Roma, Italy.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2015 Jul;11(3):435-44. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1659. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR) is a problematic waste material remaining after shredding and recovery processes of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). Its heterogeneous grain size and composition make difficult its recovery or disposal. Although ASR accounts for approximately 20% to 25% of the weight of an ELV, the European Union (EU)'s ELV Directive (2000/53/EC) requires that by 2015 a minimum 95% of the weight of an ELV must be reused or recovered, including a 10% weight energy recovery. The quantity of ASR is relevant: Approximately 2.4 million tons are generated in the EU each year and most of it is sent to landfills. This article describes a life cycle model of the "TEKNE-Fluff" process designed to make beneficial use of ASR that is based on the results of an experimental pilot plant for pyro-gasification, combustion, cogeneration, and emissions treatment of ASR. The goal of the research was the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to identify the environmental hot spots of the "TEKNE system" and use scenario analysis to check solutions to improve its environmental profile, supporting the design and industrialization process. The LCA was conducted based on data modeled from the experimental campaign. Moreover, different scenarios on shares of electricity and thermal energy produced by the cogeneration system and alternative treatment processes for the waste produced by the technology were compared. Despite the limitation of the research (results based on scaling up experimental data by modeling), impact assessment results are promising and sufficiently robust, as shown by Monte Carlo analysis. The TEKNE technology may become an interesting solution for the problem of ASR management: Besides representing an alternative to landfill disposal, the energy produced could avoid significant impacts on fossil resources depletion (a plant of 40,000 tons/y capacity could produce ∼ 147,000 GJ/yr, covering the annual need of ∼ 13,500 households).
汽车破碎机残渣（ASR）是报废车辆（ELV）破碎和回收过程后剩余的有问题的废物材料。其不均匀的粒度和组成使其难以回收或处置。尽管 ASR 约占 ELV 重量的 20%至 25%，但欧盟（EU）的 ELV 指令（2000/53/EC）要求到 2015 年，ELV 的至少 95%的重量必须被再利用或回收，包括 10%的重量能量回收。ASR 的数量很重要：欧盟每年产生约 240 万吨，其中大部分被送往垃圾填埋场。本文描述了一种基于 ASR 热解气化、燃烧、热电联产和排放处理实验中试工厂结果的“TEKNE-Fluff”工艺的生命周期模型，旨在对 ASR 进行有益利用。该研究的目标是应用生命周期评估（LCA）方法来确定“TEKNE 系统”的环境热点，并通过情景分析检查改善其环境状况的解决方案，为设计和工业化过程提供支持。LCA 是根据实验活动建模的数据进行的。此外，还比较了热电联产系统产生的电力和热能份额的不同情景，以及该技术产生的废物的替代处理工艺。尽管研究存在局限性（结果基于通过建模扩展实验数据），但影响评估结果具有很大的希望，且足够稳健，如蒙特卡罗分析所示。TEKNE 技术可能成为 ASR 管理问题的一个有趣解决方案：除了作为垃圾填埋场处置的替代方案外，所产生的能源还可以避免对化石资源枯竭产生重大影响（一个 40,000 吨/年产能的工厂可以产生约 147,000 GJ/年，覆盖约 13,500 户家庭的年需求）。
