Centre for Waste Management, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
Recycling Lives Recycling Park, Preston, Lancashire PR2 5BX, UK.
Waste Manag. 2018 Mar;73:566-573. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.008. Epub 2017 May 10.
The challenge for the automotive industry is how to ensure they adopt the circular economy when it comes to the disposal of end-of-life vehicles (ELV). According to the European Commission the UK achieved a total reuse and recovery rate of 88%. This is short of the revised ELV directive target of 95% materials recovery, which requires a minimum of 85% of materials to be recycled or reused. A significant component of the recycling process is the production of automotive shredder residue (ASR). This is currently landfilled across Europe. The additional 10% could be met by processing ASR through either waste-to-energy facilities or Post shredder technology (PST) to recover materials. The UK auto and recycling sectors claimed there would need to be a massive investment by their members in both new capacity and new technology for PST to recover additional recycle materials. It has been shown that 50% of the ASR contains valuable recoverable materials which could be used to meet the Directive target. It is expected in the next 5years that technological innovation in car design will change the composition from easily recoverable metal to difficult polymers. This change in composition will impact on the current drive to integrate the European Circular Economy Package. A positive factor is that main driver for using ASR is coming from the metals recycling industry itself. They are looking to develop the infrastructure for energy generation from ASR and subsequent material recovery. This is driven by the economics of the process rather than meeting the Directive targets. The study undertaken has identified potential pathways and barriers for commercial thermal treatment of ASR. The results of ASR characterisation were used to assess commercial plants from around the world. Whilst there were many claiming that processing of ASR was possible none have so far shown both the technological capability and economic justification.
汽车行业面临的挑战是，在处理报废车辆（ELV）时，如何确保采用循环经济模式。根据欧盟委员会的数据，英国的总再利用率和回收率达到了 88%。这低于修订后的 ELV 指令 95%的材料回收目标，该目标要求至少 85%的材料进行回收或再利用。回收过程的一个重要组成部分是生产汽车破碎机残渣（ASR）。目前，欧洲各地都将其填埋。通过废物能源设施或后破碎机技术（PST）处理 ASR 以回收材料，可以满足额外的 10%的需求。英国汽车和回收行业声称，其成员需要在新产能和 PST 新技术方面进行大规模投资，以回收额外的可回收材料。事实表明，50%的 ASR 含有有价值的可回收材料，可以用于达到指令目标。预计在未来 5 年内，汽车设计技术创新将使组成部分从易回收金属变为难聚合物。这种组成的变化将影响到目前整合欧洲循环经济一揽子计划的努力。一个积极的因素是，使用 ASR 的主要驱动力来自金属回收行业本身。他们希望开发从 ASR 中产生能源和随后进行材料回收的基础设施。这是由该过程的经济性驱动的，而不是为了达到指令目标。该研究确定了 ASR 商业热处理的潜在途径和障碍。使用 ASR 特性的结果评估了来自世界各地的商业工厂。虽然有许多人声称处理 ASR 是可能的，但迄今为止，没有一家工厂展示了技术能力和经济合理性。
