Erriquez Jessica, Bolis Vera, Morel Silvia, Fenoglio Ivana, Fubini Bice, Quagliotto Pierluigi, Distasi Carla
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy.
Department of Chemistry, Interdepartmental Center for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), University of Torino, Italy.
Nanomedicine. 2015 Aug;11(6):1309-19. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.04.003. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used as ingredient in several products in the nanoform. TiO2-nanoparticles (NPs) are also currently studied for different medical applications. A large debate exists on possible adverse health effects related to their exposure. While there is some evidence of TiO2-NP central nervous system toxicity, their effects on peripheral neurons have been poorly explored. In this study we investigated the effects of TiO2-NPs on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and satellite glial cells that may be reached by nanoparticles from the bloodstream. We found that TiO2-NPs are internalized in DRG cells and induce apoptosis in a dose dependent manner in both types of cells, ROS production and changes in expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Furthermore, we found that the axonal retrograde transport is altered in neurons upon exposure to TiO2-NPs. Overall, the results indicate a potential neurotoxic effect of TiO2-NPs on DRG cells.
Exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles is increasing in medical practice. Little is known about their potential toxic effects on the peripheral nervous system. The authors studied this aspect and showed that titanium nanoparticles might potentially cause toxicity over long term.
二氧化钛（TiO₂）以纳米形式被广泛用作多种产品的成分。目前也在研究TiO₂纳米颗粒（NPs）在不同医学应用中的情况。关于其暴露可能产生的不良健康影响存在大量争论。虽然有一些证据表明TiO₂-NP对中枢神经系统有毒性，但其对外周神经元的影响却鲜有研究。在本研究中，我们调查了TiO₂-NPs对背根神经节（DRG）感觉神经元和卫星神经胶质细胞的影响，纳米颗粒可能会从血液中到达这些细胞。我们发现TiO₂-NPs被DRG细胞内化，并在两种类型的细胞中以剂量依赖方式诱导细胞凋亡、产生活性氧（ROS）以及促炎细胞因子IL-1β表达的变化。此外，我们发现暴露于TiO₂-NPs后神经元的轴突逆行运输发生改变。总体而言，结果表明TiO₂-NPs对DRG细胞具有潜在的神经毒性作用。
在医学实践中，接触二氧化钛纳米颗粒的情况正在增加。关于它们对外周神经系统的潜在毒性作用知之甚少。作者对此进行了研究，并表明钛纳米颗粒可能长期具有潜在毒性。
