Whetsel Borzendowski Stephanie A, Stafford Sewall Ashley A, Rosopa Patrick J, Tyrrell Richard A
Department of Psychology, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-1355, USA.
J Safety Res. 2015 Jun;53:31-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Mar 19.
Several studies have concluded that pedestrians typically overestimate their own conspicuity to approaching drivers at night. The present experiments extended this research by exploring the accuracy of drivers' judgments of pedestrian conspicuity while facing varying degrees of headlight glare.
In Experiment 1, participants on an open road estimated their ability to see a roadside pedestrian in each of two clothing configurations and with each of three different glare intensities present. In Experiment 2, participants responded to a roadside pedestrian under the same open road conditions; the participants were naïve with regard to both the position of the pedestrian and to the clothing and glare manipulations.
Consistent with earlier research, estimates of response distance were, on the average, over three times greater than actual recognition distance. The extent to which participants overestimated conspicuity was greater when the pedestrian wore a retroreflective vest, and participants incorrectly judged that headlight glare would not degrade drivers' ability to see a pedestrian wearing a retroreflective vest.
These results confirm that road users' understanding of issues involving drivers' night vision is limited. These misunderstandings may result in road users behaving in ways that increase the risk of nighttime collisions with pedestrians.
多项研究得出结论，行人通常高估自己在夜间对于接近的司机而言的醒目程度。本实验通过探究司机在面对不同程度的车头灯眩光时对行人醒目程度判断的准确性，扩展了这一研究。
在实验1中，在开阔道路上的参与者估计自己在两种着装配置以及三种不同眩光强度下看到路边行人的能力。在实验2中，参与者在相同的开阔道路条件下对路边行人做出反应；参与者对行人的位置以及着装和眩光操控均不知情。
与早期研究一致，反应距离的估计平均比实际识别距离大三倍多。当行人穿着反光背心时，参与者高估醒目程度的程度更大，并且参与者错误地判断车头灯眩光不会降低司机看到穿着反光背心行人的能力。
这些结果证实道路使用者对涉及司机夜间视力问题的理解有限。这些误解可能导致道路使用者的行为方式增加夜间与行人碰撞的风险。
