Caron Philippe
Service d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques et nutrition, pôle cardiovasculaire et métabolique, CHU Larrey, 24, chemin de Pouvourville, TSA 30030, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France.
Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2015 Jul;76(3):248-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2015.01.001. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
Iodine deficiency is the most important preventable cause of brain damage worldwide. During pregnancy, severe iodine deficiency causes endemic cretinism, whereas mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency impairs neurocognitive function of the offspring. Numerous reports demonstrate the impact of iodine supplementation on prevention of cretinism, and recent studies evaluate the effects of iodine prophylaxis on neurocognitive development in children of women with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. Iodine prophylaxis is generally well tolerated without side effects for the pregnant women and the offspring. In France, the iodine status was recently considered as satisfactory in children and adult population, but regional studies conducted during the last two decades have shown that healthy women are mild-to-moderately iodine deficient during pregnancy. According to recent World Heath Organization guidelines, systematic iodine prophylaxis is recommended in women planning a pregnancy, during gestation and lactation in order to prevent maternal, neonatal and infantile consequences of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency.
碘缺乏是全球范围内脑损伤最重要的可预防病因。孕期严重碘缺乏会导致地方性克汀病，而轻度至中度碘缺乏会损害后代的神经认知功能。众多报告证实了补碘对预防克汀病的作用，近期研究评估了碘预防对轻度至中度碘缺乏女性所育子女神经认知发育的影响。碘预防通常耐受性良好，对孕妇及其后代均无副作用。在法国，近期儿童和成人的碘状况被认为令人满意，但过去二十年开展的区域研究表明，健康女性在孕期存在轻度至中度碘缺乏。根据世界卫生组织最近的指南，建议计划怀孕的女性、孕期及哺乳期女性进行系统性碘预防，以预防轻度至中度碘缺乏对母体、新生儿和婴儿造成的后果。
