Zimmermann Michael B
Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
World Rev Nutr Diet. 2016;115:118-24. doi: 10.1159/000442078. Epub 2016 May 19.
Iodine requirements are increased ≥50% during pregnancy. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can cause maternal and fetal hypothyroidism and impair neurological development of the fetus. The consequences depend upon the timing and severity of the hypothyroidism; the most severe manifestation is cretinism. In iodine-deficient areas, controlled studies have demonstrated that iodine supplementation before or during early pregnancy eliminates new cases of cretinism, increases birth weight, reduces rates of perinatal and infant mortality and generally increases developmental scores in young children by 10-20%. Mild-to-moderate maternal iodine deficiency can cause thyroid dysfunction, but whether it impairs cognitive and/or neurological function in the offspring remains uncertain. In nearly all regions affected by iodine deficiency, salt iodization is the most cost-effective way of delivering iodine and improving maternal and infant health.
孕期碘需求量增加≥50%。孕期碘缺乏可导致母体和胎儿甲状腺功能减退，并损害胎儿的神经发育。后果取决于甲状腺功能减退的时间和严重程度；最严重的表现是克汀病。在碘缺乏地区，对照研究表明，在孕早期之前或期间补充碘可消除新的克汀病病例，增加出生体重，降低围产期和婴儿死亡率，并普遍使幼儿发育评分提高10 - 20%。轻度至中度母体碘缺乏可导致甲状腺功能障碍，但它是否会损害后代的认知和/或神经功能仍不确定。在几乎所有受碘缺乏影响的地区，食盐碘化是提供碘和改善母婴健康最具成本效益的方式。
