Lincoln V J, Page P C, Kopp C, Mathis A, von Niederhäusern R, Burger D, Herholz C
Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Laenggasse 85, CH-3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland.
Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
Vet Parasitol. 2015 Jun 15;210(3-4):206-14. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.006. Epub 2015 Apr 18.
Species belonging to the Culicoides complexes (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae), obsoletus and pulicaris, in Switzerland, are potential vectors of both bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV). The epidemic of BTV in 2006 and 2007 in Europe has highlighted the risk of introduction and spread of vector-borne diseases in previously non-endemic areas. As a measure of prevention, as part of an integrated control programme in the event of an outbreak of African horse sickness (AHS), it is of utmost importance to prevent, or substantially reduce, contact between horses and Culicoides. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of three protection systems, net, fan, repellent, or combinations thereof, with regard to their potential to reduce contact between horses and Culicoides. Three different equine housing systems, including individual boxes (BX), group housing systems (GR), and individual boxes with permanently accessible paddock (BP) were used. The efficacy of the protection systems were evaluated by comparing the total number counts of collected female Culicoides, of non-blood-fed and blood-fed Culicoides, respectively, with UV black light traps. The study was conducted over 3 summer months during 2012 and 2013 each and focused on the efficacy and practicality of the protection systems. The repellent was tested in 2012 only and not further investigated in 2013, as it showed no significant effect in reducing Culicoides collected in the light traps. Net protection system provided the best overall protection for the total number of female Culicoides, non-blood-fed and blood-fed Culicoides in all tested housing systems. The net, with a pore size of 0.1825 mm(2), reduced the total number of Culicoides collected in the housing systems BP, GR and BX by 98%, 85% and 67%, respectively. However, in the GR housing system, no significant difference between the effectiveness of the fan and the net were determined for any of the three Culicoides categories. The results of the present study demonstrated that horse owners can substantially reduce their horses' exposure to Culicoides, by using net protection in the housing systems BX, BP and GR. In GR housing systems, protection against Culicoides using a fan is also recommended.
在瑞士，属于库蠓复合体（双翅目，蠓科）的过时库蠓和刺螫库蠓是蓝舌病毒（BTV）和非洲马瘟病毒（AHSV）的潜在传播媒介。2006年和2007年欧洲的蓝舌病疫情凸显了媒介传播疾病在以前的非流行地区传入和传播的风险。作为预防措施，作为非洲马瘟（AHS）爆发时综合控制计划的一部分，防止或大幅减少马匹与库蠓的接触至关重要。本研究的目的是比较三种防护系统（网、风扇、驱虫剂或其组合）在减少马匹与库蠓接触方面的效果。使用了三种不同的马厩系统，包括单独的马箱（BX）、群居马厩系统（GR）和带有永久可进入围场的单独马箱（BP）。通过比较分别用紫外线黑光诱捕器收集的未吸血和已吸血的雌性库蠓总数，评估了防护系统的效果。该研究在2012年和2013年的每个夏季的三个月内进行，重点关注防护系统的效果和实用性。驱虫剂仅在2012年进行了测试，2013年未作进一步研究，因为它在减少诱捕器中收集的库蠓数量方面没有显著效果。在所有测试的马厩系统中，网防护系统对雌性库蠓总数、未吸血和已吸血的库蠓提供了最佳的总体防护。孔径为0.1825平方毫米的网分别使在BP、GR和BX马厩系统中收集的库蠓总数减少了98%、85%和67%。然而，在GR马厩系统中，对于三类库蠓中的任何一类，风扇和网的效果之间未确定显著差异。本研究结果表明，马主可以通过在BX、BP和GR马厩系统中使用网防护，大幅减少马匹接触库蠓的机会。在GR马厩系统中，也建议使用风扇来防止库蠓。
