Fall Moussa, Diarra Maryam, Fall Assane G, Balenghien Thomas, Seck Momar T, Bouyer Jérémy, Garros Claire, Gimonneau Geoffrey, Allène Xavier, Mall Iba, Delécolle Jean-Claude, Rakotoarivony Ignace, Bakhoum Mame T, Dusom Ange M, Ndao Massouka, Konaté Lassana, Faye Ousmane, Baldet Thierry
ISRA, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal.
Parasit Vectors. 2015 Jan 21;8:39. doi: 10.1186/s13071-014-0624-1.
African horse sickness (AHS) is an equine disease endemic to Senegal. The African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is transmitted to the mammalian hosts by midges of the Culicoides Latreille genus. During the last epizootic outbreak of AHS in Senegal in 2007, 1,169 horses died from this disease entailing an estimated cost of 1.4 million euros. In spite of the serious animal health and economic implications of AHS, very little is known about determinants involved in transmission such as contact between horses and the Culicoides species suspected of being its vectors.
The monthly variation in host/vector contact was determined in the Niayes area, Senegal, an area which was severely affected by the 2007 outbreak of AHS. A horse-baited trap and two suction light traps (OVI type) were set up at each of five sites for three consecutive nights every month for one year.
Of 254,338 Culicoides midges collected 209,543 (82.4%) were female and 44,795 (17.6%) male. Nineteen of the 41 species collected were new distribution records for Senegal. This increased the number of described Culicoides species found in Senegal to 53. Only 19 species, of the 41 species found in light trap, were collected in the horse-baited trap (23,669 specimens) largely dominated by Culicoides oxystoma (22,300 specimens, i.e. 94.2%) followed by Culicoides imicola (482 specimens, i.e. 2.0%) and Culicoides kingi (446 specimens, i.e. 1.9%).
Culicoides oxystoma should be considered as a potential vector of AHSV in the Niayes area of Senegal due to its abundance on horses and its role in the transmission of other Culicoides-borne viruses.
非洲马瘟（AHS）是塞内加尔特有的一种马病。非洲马瘟病毒（AHSV）通过库蠓属的蠓类传播给哺乳动物宿主。在2007年塞内加尔上一次AHS epizootic爆发期间，1169匹马死于这种疾病，估计造成了140万欧元的损失。尽管AHS对动物健康和经济有严重影响，但对于传播所涉及的决定因素，如马与疑似作为其传播媒介的库蠓物种之间的接触，了解甚少。
在塞内加尔的尼亚耶斯地区确定宿主/媒介接触的月度变化，该地区在2007年AHS爆发中受到严重影响。在五个地点的每个地点设置一个诱捕马的陷阱和两个吸光陷阱（OVI型），每月连续三个晚上设置一年。
在收集的254338只库蠓中，209543只（82.4%）为雌性，44795只（17.6%）为雄性。收集到的41个物种中有19个是塞内加尔的新分布记录。这使塞内加尔已描述的库蠓物种数量增加到53种。在诱捕马的陷阱（23669个标本）中仅收集到光诱捕器中发现的41个物种中的19个物种，其中主要是尖喙库蠓（22300个标本，即94.2%），其次是伊氏库蠓（482个标本，即2.0%）和金氏库蠓（446个标本，即1.9%）。
由于尖喙库蠓在马身上数量众多及其在传播其他库蠓传播病毒中的作用，应将其视为塞内加尔尼亚耶斯地区AHSV的潜在传播媒介。
