University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Chemistry and Physics, Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa.
Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Chemosphere. 2015 Sep;134:133-40. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.093. Epub 2015 May 15.
The little data about pharmaceutical residue contamination in African water bodies motivated our study on the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in the water and sediment of Msunduzi River in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa; and in the Darvill wastewater treatment plant found in Msunduzi catchment. Samples collected along the River and wastewater treatment plant were extracted and analysed for pharmaceutical residues selected based on statistics of drug usage in South Africa i.e. antipyretics, antibiotics, caffeine, an antiepileptic and an antipsychotic drug were determined using HPLC-MS/MS. In all the matrices investigated, the antipyretic ibuprofen had the highest concentration of up to 117 μg L(-1), 84.60 μg L(-1) and 659 ng g(-1) in wastewater, surface water and sediment respectively. Antibiotics were detected in generally low concentrations of<10 μg L(-1) in surface water samples and up to 34.50 μg L(-1) in wastewater; moreover they were not completely removed during wastewater treatment. The percentage removal efficiency of the studied group was 6.55-98.00% for antipyretics, 73.33-98.90% for antibiotics, 48.80% for the anti-epileptic drug and 86.40% for Caffeine. Clozapine exhibited a negative removal. In surface water, Henley dam exhibited a high concentration of the pharmaceutical residues and the highest concentration of metronidazole in sediment (up to 1253.50 ng g(-1)) detected. Metronidazole was only detected in sediment and bio-solids.
水体中药物残留的相关数据很少，这促使我们开展了这项研究，以调查南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省姆松度兹河中的水体和沉积物，以及姆松度兹流域的达维尔废水处理厂中药物残留的情况。我们沿河流和废水处理厂采集了样本，对选定的药物残留进行了提取和分析，这些药物残留是基于南非的药物使用统计数据选择的，即使用 HPLC-MS/MS 确定了退烧药、抗生素、咖啡因、抗癫痫药和抗精神病药。在所研究的所有基质中，退烧药布洛芬的浓度最高，在废水、地表水和沉积物中的浓度分别达到 117μg/L、84.60μg/L 和 659ng/g。抗生素的浓度通常较低，<10μg/L 出现在地表水样本中，而在废水中的浓度高达 34.50μg/L；此外，它们在废水处理过程中并未被完全去除。研究组的去除效率为 6.55-98.00%的退烧药、73.33-98.90%的抗生素、48.80%的抗癫痫药和 86.40%的咖啡因。氯氮平表现出负去除。在地表水中，亨利大坝的药物残留浓度较高，在沉积物中检测到的甲硝唑浓度最高（高达 1253.50ng/g）。仅在沉积物和生物固体中检测到甲硝唑。
