Langbein Heike, Hofmann Anja, Brunssen Coy, Goettsch Winfried, Morawietz Henning
Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Atheroscler Suppl. 2015 May;18:59-66. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2015.02.010.
Obesity and physical inactivity are important cardiovascular risk factors. Regular physical exercise has been shown to mediate beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, the impact of physical exercise on endothelial function in proatherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice has not been studied so far.
Six-week-old male LDLR(-/-) mice were fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet (39 kcal% fat diet) for 20 weeks. The impact of high-fat diet and voluntary running on body weight and amount of white adipose tissue was monitored. Basal tone and endothelial function was investigated in aortic rings using a Mulvany myograph.
LDLR(-/-) mice on high-fat diet had increased cumulative food energy intake, but also higher physical activity compared to mice on control diet. Body weight and amount of visceral and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue of LDLR(-/-) mice were significantly increased by high-fat diet and partially reduced by voluntary running. Endothelial function in aortae of LDLR(-/-) mice was impaired after 20 weeks on standard and high-fat diet and could not be improved by voluntary running. Basal tone showed a trend to be increased by high-fat diet.
Voluntary running reduced body weight and amount of white adipose tissue in LDLR(-/-) mice. Endothelial dysfunction in LDLR(-/-) mice could not be improved by voluntary running. In a clinical context, physical exercise alone might not have an influence on functional parameters and LDL-C levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. However, physical activity in these patients may be in general beneficial and should be performed.
肥胖和缺乏体育锻炼是重要的心血管危险因素。有研究表明，规律的体育锻炼对预防心血管疾病具有有益作用。然而，迄今为止，体育锻炼对动脉粥样硬化前期低密度脂蛋白受体缺陷（LDLR(-/-)）小鼠内皮功能的影响尚未得到研究。
六周龄雄性LDLR(-/-)小鼠分别喂食标准饮食或高脂饮食（脂肪含量为39千卡%的饮食）20周。监测高脂饮食和自愿跑步对体重及白色脂肪组织量的影响。使用Mulvany肌张力仪研究主动脉环的基础张力和内皮功能。
与对照饮食组小鼠相比，高脂饮食的LDLR(-/-)小鼠累积食物能量摄入量增加，但体力活动也更多。高脂饮食显著增加了LDLR(-/-)小鼠的体重以及内脏和腹膜后白色脂肪组织量，而自愿跑步可部分减轻这些指标。在标准饮食和高脂饮食喂养20周后，LDLR(-/-)小鼠主动脉的内皮功能受损，自愿跑步无法改善这一情况。高脂饮食使基础张力呈增加趋势。
自愿跑步可减轻LDLR(-/-)小鼠的体重和白色脂肪组织量。自愿跑步无法改善LDLR(-/-)小鼠的内皮功能障碍。在临床情况下，单纯体育锻炼可能对家族性高胆固醇血症患者的功能参数和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平没有影响。然而，这些患者进行体育活动总体上可能有益，应该进行。
