Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Laboratorio NMR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom. 2016 Jan;1864(1):102-14. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.04.024. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
The rapid development of novel nanoscale materials for applications in biomedicine urges an improved characterization of the nanobio interfaces. Nanoparticles exhibit unique structures and properties, often different from the corresponding bulk materials, and the nature of their interactions with biological systems remains poorly characterized. Solution NMR spectroscopy is a mature technique for the investigation of biomolecular structure, dynamics, and intermolecular associations, however its use in protein-nanoparticle interaction studies remains scarce and highly challenging, particularly due to unfavorable hydrodynamic properties of most nanoscale assemblies. Nonetheless, recent efforts demonstrated that a number of NMR observables, such as chemical shifts, signal intensities, amide exchange rates and relaxation parameters, together with newly designed saturation transfer experiments, could be successfully employed to characterize the orientation, structure and dynamics of proteins adsorbed onto nanoparticle surfaces. This review provides the first survey and critical assessment of the contributions from solution NMR spectroscopy to the study of transient interactions between proteins and both inorganic (gold, silver, and silica) and organic (polymer, carbon and lipid based) nanoparticles. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Physiological Enzymology and Protein Functions.
新型纳米材料在生物医药中的应用迅速发展，迫切需要改进纳米生物界面的特性描述。纳米粒子具有独特的结构和性能，通常与相应的体材料不同，其与生物系统相互作用的性质仍未得到很好的描述。溶液 NMR 光谱学是研究生物分子结构、动力学和分子间相互作用的成熟技术，然而，其在蛋白质-纳米粒子相互作用研究中的应用仍然很少，而且极具挑战性，特别是由于大多数纳米级组装体的水动力性质不利。尽管如此，最近的研究表明，许多 NMR 可观测值，如化学位移、信号强度、酰胺交换速率和弛豫参数，以及新设计的饱和转移实验，可以成功地用于表征吸附在纳米粒子表面上的蛋白质的取向、结构和动力学。这篇综述首次对溶液 NMR 光谱学在研究蛋白质与无机（金、银和硅）和有机（聚合物、碳和基于脂质）纳米粒子之间瞬态相互作用方面的贡献进行了综述和批判性评估。本文是专题“生理酶学和蛋白质功能”的一部分。
