Osman Alaa G M, AbouelFadl Khaled Y, Krüger Angela, Kloas Werner
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), 71524, Assiut, Egypt,
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 Jun;187(6):317. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4553-z. Epub 2015 May 4.
In Egypt, until yet no records are available regarding possible multiple hormonal activities in the aquatic systems and especially in the river Nile. In this paper, in vitro yeast estrogen screen (YES) and yeast androgen screen (YAS) were used to assess (for the first time) the multiple hormonal activities in surface waters and sediments of the river Nile. This study aimed to determine whether river Nile water can cause changes in gonadal histology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus). All water samples exhibited extremely low levels of estrogenicity. Estrogenicity was nearly not detected in any of the sediment samples. Unlike the estrogenicity, significant androgenic activities were recorded in the water and sediment samples along the course of the river Nile. The present study reports for the first time quantification anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities with high levels in both water and sediment of the river Nile. The greatest anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities were observed in samples from downstream river Nile. These results indicated that the anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities along the Nile course were great and the pollution of the sites at downstream was more serious than the upstream sites due to industrial and anthropogenic activities at these sites. Good correlations were observed among some hormonal activities, suggesting coexistence of these contaminants in the environmental matrices. There were no signs of sexual disruption in any of the gonads analyzed from either male or female Nile tilapia, demonstrating that no hormonal activity present along the Nile course was sufficient to induce adverse effects on reproductive development. Further investigation is necessary to identify the compounds responsible for the hormonal activities in the river Nile and to examine effects of very low levels of hormonally active compounds on gonadal histology, as well as in the development of more sensitive biomarkers.
在埃及，目前尚无关于水生系统，尤其是尼罗河可能存在的多种激素活性的记录。在本文中，体外酵母雌激素筛选（YES）和酵母雄激素筛选（YAS）被用于（首次）评估尼罗河水体和沉积物中的多种激素活性。本研究旨在确定尼罗河水是否会导致尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus niloticus）性腺组织学发生变化。所有水样均表现出极低水平的雌激素活性。在任何沉积物样品中几乎都未检测到雌激素活性。与雌激素活性不同，沿尼罗河流域的水样和沉积物样品中记录到了显著的雄激素活性。本研究首次报告了尼罗河水体和沉积物中高水平的抗雌激素和抗雄激素活性的量化结果。在尼罗河流域下游的样品中观察到了最大的抗雌激素和抗雄激素活性。这些结果表明，尼罗河流域的抗雌激素和抗雄激素活性很强，由于下游地区的工业和人为活动，下游地区的污染比上游地区更严重。在一些激素活性之间观察到了良好的相关性，表明这些污染物在环境基质中共存。在对雄性或雌性尼罗罗非鱼分析的任何性腺中均未发现性扰乱迹象，这表明尼罗河流域不存在足以对生殖发育产生不利影响的激素活性。有必要进一步调查以确定尼罗河中导致激素活性的化合物，并检查极低水平的激素活性化合物对性腺组织学的影响，以及开发更敏感的生物标志物。
