Zhao Jian-Liang, Ying Guang-Guo, Chen Feng, Liu You-Sheng, Wang Li, Yang Bin, Liu Shan, Tao Ran
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P R China.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Apr;13(4):813-21. doi: 10.1039/c0em00473a. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
Estrogenic activity risks in the Pearl River system (Liuxi River, Zhujiang River and Shijing River) in South China were assessed by combined chemical analysis and recombinant yeast estrogen screen (YES) bioassay for surface waters and sediments collected in both dry and wet seasons. The xenoestrogens 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A were detected at almost every sampling site at concentrations of several ng L(-1) (ng g(-1)) to tens of μg L(-1) (μg g(-1)) in surface waters (and sediments). The estrogens estrone and 17β-estradiol were also detected in most of the samples with concentrations from several ng L(-1) (ng g(-1)) to tens of ng L(-1) (ng g(-1)) in surface waters (and sediments). However, synthetic estrogens diethylstilbestrol and 17α-ethinylestradiol were only detected at a few sites. The 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ) screened by the YES bioassay were in the range of 0.23-324 ng L(-1) in surface waters and from not detected to 101 ng g(-1) in sediments. Shijing River displayed one to two orders of magnitude higher levels for both measured chemical concentrations and estrogenic activities than the Zhujiang River and the Liuxi River. A risk assessment for the surface waters showed high risks for the downstream reaches of the Liuxi River and the upstream to midstream reaches of the Zhujiang River and the Shijing River. Higher estrogenic risks were observed in the wet season than in the dry season for surface waters, probably due to the input of runoff and direct overflow of small urban streams during heavy rain events. Only small variations in estrogenic risk were found for the sediments between the two seasons, suggesting that sediments are a sink for these estrogenic compounds in the rivers.
通过化学分析与重组酵母雌激素筛选（YES）生物测定相结合的方法，对中国南方珠江水系（流溪河、珠江和石井河）枯水期和丰水期采集的地表水及沉积物中的雌激素活性风险进行了评估。在几乎每个采样点的地表水（及沉积物）中均检测到了外源性雌激素4-叔辛基苯酚、4-壬基苯酚和双酚A，其浓度范围为几纳克每升（纳克每克）至几十微克每升（微克每克）。在大多数样品的地表水（及沉积物）中也检测到了雌激素雌酮和17β-雌二醇，浓度范围为几纳克每升（纳克每克）至几十纳克每升（纳克每克）。然而，仅在少数点位检测到了合成雌激素己烯雌酚和17α-乙炔雌二醇。通过YES生物测定筛选出的17β-雌二醇当量（EEQ）在地表水的范围为0.23 - 324纳克每升，在沉积物中的范围为未检出至101纳克每克。石井河的化学物质测量浓度和雌激素活性水平比珠江和流溪河高出一到两个数量级。地表水风险评估显示，流溪河下游、珠江和石井河的上游至中游河段风险较高。对于地表水，丰水期观察到的雌激素风险高于枯水期，这可能是由于暴雨期间径流输入以及城市小河流直接溢流所致。两个季节沉积物的雌激素风险仅存在微小差异，这表明沉积物是河流中这些雌激素化合物的汇。
