Khan M Imran, Pach Alfred, Khan Ghulam Mustafa, Bajracharya Deepak, Sahastrabuddhe Sushant, Bhutta Waqaas, Tahir Rehman, Soofi Sajid, Thapa Chandra B, Joshi Nilesh, Puri Mahesh K, Shrestha Parisha, Upreti Shyam Raj, Clemens John D, Bhutta Zulfiqar, Ochiai R Leon
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Vaccine. 2015 Jun 19;33 Suppl 3:C62-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.087. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2008 recommended the use of currently licensed typhoid vaccines using a high risk or targeted approach. The epidemiology of disease and the vaccine characteristics make school-based vaccination most feasible in reducing typhoid disease burden in many settings. To assess feasibility of school-based typhoid vaccination, two districts in Kathmandu, Nepal and two towns in Karachi, Pakistan were selected for pilot program. Vaccination campaigns were conducted through the departments of health and in partnerships with not-for-profit organizations. In total 257,015 doses of Vi polysaccharide vaccine were given to students in grades 1-10 of participating schools. The vaccination coverage ranged from 39 percent (38,389/99,503) in Gulshan town in Karachi, to 81 percent (62,615/77,341) in Bhaktapur in Kathmandu valley. No serious adverse event was reported post vaccination. The coverage increased for vaccination of the second district in Pakistan as well as in Nepal. There was an initial concern of vaccine safety. However, as the campaign progressed, parents were more comfortable with vaccinating their children in schools. Supported and conducted by departments of health in Pakistan and Nepal, a school-based typhoid vaccination was found to be safe and feasible.
世界卫生组织（WHO）在2008年建议采用高风险或有针对性的方法使用目前已获许可的伤寒疫苗。疾病的流行病学情况和疫苗特性使得在许多情况下，以学校为基础进行疫苗接种对于减轻伤寒疾病负担最为可行。为评估以学校为基础的伤寒疫苗接种的可行性，在尼泊尔加德满都的两个区和巴基斯坦卡拉奇的两个镇开展了试点项目。疫苗接种活动通过卫生部门并与非营利组织合作进行。总共向参与学校的1至10年级学生接种了257,015剂Vi多糖疫苗。疫苗接种覆盖率从卡拉奇古勒山镇的39%（38,389/99,503）到加德满都谷地巴克塔普尔的81%（62,615/77,341）不等。接种疫苗后未报告严重不良事件。巴基斯坦以及尼泊尔第二个区的疫苗接种覆盖率有所提高。最初人们担心疫苗安全性。然而，随着活动的推进，家长们对在学校为孩子接种疫苗更加放心。在巴基斯坦和尼泊尔卫生部门的支持与开展下，以学校为基础的伤寒疫苗接种被证明是安全可行的。
