Magee Christopher A, Caputi Peter, Lee Jeong Kyu
Centre for Health Initiatives.
J Occup Health Psychol. 2016 Jan;21(1):24-36. doi: 10.1037/a0039138. Epub 2015 May 4.
This paper investigated distinct longitudinal trajectories of absenteeism over time, and underlying demographic, work, and health antecedents. Data from the Household, Income, and Labor Dynamics in Australia Survey were used; this is a panel study of a representative sample of Australian households. This paper focused on 2,481 full-time employees across a 5-year period. Information on annual sick leave and relevant sociodemographic, work, and health-related factors was collected through interviews and self-completed surveys. Growth mixture modeling indicated 4 distinct longitudinal patterns of absenteeism over time. The moderate absenteeism trajectory (34.8%) of the sample had 4-5 days of sick leave per year and was used as the reference group. The low absenteeism trajectory (33.5%) had 1-2 days of absenteeism per year, while the no absenteeism trajectory (23.6%) had very low rates of absenteeism (<1 day per year). Finally, a smaller trajectory accounting for 8.1% of the sample had high levels of absenteeism (>11 days per year). Compared with the moderate absenteeism trajectory, the high absenteeism trajectory was characterized by poor health; the no absenteeism and low absenteeism trajectories had better health but may also reflect processes relating to presenteeism. These results provide important insights into the nature of absenteeism in Australian employees, and suggest that different patterns of absenteeism over time could reflect a range of demographic, work, and health related factors.
本文研究了旷工随时间变化的不同纵向轨迹，以及潜在的人口统计学、工作和健康方面的 antecedents。使用了来自澳大利亚家庭、收入和劳动力动态调查的数据；这是一项对澳大利亚家庭代表性样本的面板研究。本文聚焦于 5 年期间的 2481 名全职员工。通过访谈和自我填写的调查问卷收集了关于年度病假以及相关社会人口统计学、工作和健康相关因素的信息。增长混合模型表明旷工随时间呈现出 4 种不同的纵向模式。样本中中度旷工轨迹（34.8%）每年有 4 - 5 天病假，并被用作参照组。低旷工轨迹（33.5%）每年有 1 - 2 天旷工，而无旷工轨迹（23.6%）旷工率极低（每年<1 天）。最后，占样本 8.1%的较小轨迹旷工水平较高（每年>11 天）。与中度旷工轨迹相比，高旷工轨迹的特点是健康状况较差；无旷工和低旷工轨迹健康状况较好，但也可能反映了与出勤主义相关的过程。这些结果为澳大利亚员工旷工的本质提供了重要见解，并表明不同时期的旷工模式可能反映了一系列与人口统计学、工作和健康相关的因素。
