Theeuwes Marijke, De Houwer Jan, Eder Andreas, Liefooghe Baptist
Ghent University, Belgium.
Ghent University, Belgium.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2015 Jun;158:43-50. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.04.002. Epub 2015 Apr 29.
Previous research indicated that stimulus-response congruency effects can be obtained in one task (the diagnostic task) on the basis of the instructed stimulus-response mappings of another task (the inducer task) and this without having executed the instructions of the inducer task once. A common interpretation of such finding is that instructed stimulus-response mappings are implemented into functional associations, which automatically trigger responses when being irrelevant and this without any practice. The present study investigated whether instruction-based congruency effects are also observed for a different type of instructions than instructed S-R mappings, namely instructed response-effect contingencies. In three experiments, instruction-based congruency effects were observed in the diagnostic task when the instructions of the inducer task specified response-effect contingencies. On the one hand, our results indicate that instruction-based congruency effects are not restricted to instructed S-R mappings. On the other hand, our results suggest that the representations that mediate these effects do not specify the nature of the relation between response and effect even though this relation was explicitly specified by the instructions.
先前的研究表明，刺激-反应一致性效应可以在一项任务（诊断任务）中基于另一项任务（诱导任务）的指示性刺激-反应映射而获得，而且无需执行一次诱导任务的指示。对这一发现的一种常见解释是，指示性刺激-反应映射被纳入功能关联中，当它们不相关时会自动触发反应，而且无需任何练习。本研究调查了对于不同于指示性刺激-反应映射的另一种类型的指示，即指示性反应-效应偶联，是否也能观察到基于指示的一致性效应。在三个实验中，当诱导任务的指示指定了反应-效应偶联时，在诊断任务中观察到了基于指示的一致性效应。一方面，我们的结果表明基于指示的一致性效应并不局限于指示性刺激-反应映射。另一方面，我们的结果表明，介导这些效应的表征并未明确反应与效应之间关系的性质，尽管该关系已由指示明确指定。
