Liefooghe Baptist, Degryse Jasper, Theeuwes Marijke
Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University.
Department of Data-Analysis of Ghent University.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2016 Sep;70(3):232-241. doi: 10.1037/cep0000080. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
Previous research has indicated that stimulus-response mappings that have been instructed but never applied overtly before can lead to automatic response biases when they are irrelevant. In the present study, we investigated whether the same applies to no-go instructions, which relate a stimulus to a no-go response. The results of 2 experiments suggest that a no-go instruction that has never been practiced overtly before can automatically bias responding when it is irrelevant. In addition, the automatic effect of a no-go instruction was similar in size to the automatic effect of a go instruction. Finally, the automatic effect of an unpracticed no-go instruction tended to be larger than the automatic effect of an overtly practiced no-go instruction. We propose that (a) associations between a stimulus and the requirement to stop can be formed on the basis of instructions and without overt practice, (b) these associations may be functionally equivalent to associations formed on the basis of go instructions, and (c) overtly practiced no-go instructions and unpracticed no-go instructions are represented in different formats. (PsycINFO Database Record
先前的研究表明，那些已被告知但之前从未公开应用过的刺激-反应映射，在不相关时会导致自动反应偏差。在本研究中，我们调查了这是否也适用于禁止指令，即把一个刺激与一个禁止反应联系起来的指令。两项实验的结果表明，一个之前从未公开练习过的禁止指令在不相关时会自动使反应产生偏差。此外，禁止指令的自动效应在大小上与执行指令的自动效应相似。最后，一个未练习过的禁止指令的自动效应往往大于一个公开练习过的禁止指令的自动效应。我们提出：(a) 刺激与停止要求之间的关联可以在指令的基础上形成，而无需公开练习；(b) 这些关联在功能上可能等同于基于执行指令形成的关联；(c) 公开练习过的禁止指令和未练习过的禁止指令以不同的形式呈现。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》）
