Ekoiz-Berrilur Consortium, CBET Res. Grp, Zoology & Animal Cell Biology Department, Science & Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Basque Country (Spain).
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Sep;22(17):13344-61. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4564-x. Epub 2015 May 5.
Lanestosa is a chronically polluted site (derelict mine) where the soil (Lanestosa (LA) soil) exceeds screening values (SVs) of regulatory policies in force (Basque Country; Europe) for Zn, Pb and Cd. A scenario-targeted toxicity assessment was carried out on the basis of a multi-endpoint bioassay approach. Acute and chronic toxicity bioassays were conducted with selected test species (Vibrio fischeri, Dictyostelium discoideum, Lactuca sativa, Raphanus sativus and Eisenia fetida) in combination with chemical analysis of soils and elutriates and with bioaccumulation studies in earthworms. Besides, the toxicity profile was compared with that of the mine runoff (RO) soil and of a fresh artificially polluted soil (LAAPS) resembling LA soil pollutant profile. Extractability studies in LA soil revealed that Pb, Zn and Cd were highly available for exchange and/or release into the environment. Indeed, Pb and Zn were accumulated in earthworms and LA soil resulted to be toxic. Soil respiration, V. fischeri, vegetative and developmental cycles of D. discoideum and survival and juvenile production of E. fetida were severely affected. These results confirmed that LA soil had unacceptable environmental risk and demanded intervention. In contrast, although Pb and Zn concentrations in RO soil revealed also unacceptable risk, both metal extractability and toxicity were much lower than in LA soil. Thus, within the polluted site, the need for intervention varied between areas that posed dissimilar risk. Besides, since LAAPS, with a high exchangeable metal fraction, was the most toxic, ageing under in situ natural conditions seemingly contributed to attenuate LA soil risk. As a whole, combining multi-endpoint bioassays with scenario-targeted analysis (including leaching and ageing) provides reliable risk assessment in soils posing unacceptable environmental risk according to SVs, which is useful to optimise the required intervention measures.
拉内托萨是一个长期受到污染的地点（废弃矿山），其土壤（拉内托萨土壤）中的锌、铅和镉含量超过了现行监管政策的筛选值（巴斯克地区；欧洲）。本研究基于多终点生物测定方法开展了有针对性的毒性情景评估。利用选定的测试物种（发光菌、粘菌、莴苣、萝卜和赤子爱胜蚓）进行了急性和慢性毒性生物测定，同时结合土壤和淋溶物的化学分析以及蚯蚓的生物累积研究。此外，还将毒性特征与矿山径流（RO）土壤和类似于拉内托萨土壤污染物特征的新鲜人工污染土壤（LAAPS）进行了比较。在拉内托萨土壤中进行的提取研究表明，铅、锌和镉具有很高的可交换性和/或释放到环境中的潜力。事实上，铅和锌在蚯蚓体内积累，而拉内托萨土壤则具有毒性。土壤呼吸、发光菌、粘菌的营养和发育周期以及赤子爱胜蚓的存活和幼体生产均受到严重影响。这些结果证实，拉内托萨土壤具有不可接受的环境风险，需要进行干预。相比之下，尽管 RO 土壤中的铅和锌浓度也显示出不可接受的风险，但金属的可提取性和毒性均远低于拉内托萨土壤。因此，在污染地点内，不同区域的干预需求存在差异，风险也不同。此外，由于 LAAPS 具有高可交换金属分数，因此毒性最高，在原位自然条件下老化似乎有助于降低拉内托萨土壤的风险。总的来说，将多终点生物测定与情景针对性分析（包括淋溶和老化）相结合，可以对根据筛选值显示出不可接受的环境风险的土壤进行可靠的风险评估，这对于优化所需的干预措施非常有用。
