Transformation of [M + 2H](2+) Peptide Cations to [M - H](+), [M + H + O](+), and M(+•) Cations via Ion/Ion Reactions: Reagent Anions Derived from Persulfate.

The gas-phase oxidation of doubly protonated peptides is demonstrated here using ion/ion reactions with a suite of reagents derived from persulfate. Intact persulfate anion (HS2O8(-)), peroxymonosulfate anion (HSO5(-)), and sulfate radical anion (SO4(-•)) are all either observed directly upon negative nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI) or easily obtained via beam-type collisional activation of persulfate into the mass spectrometer. Ion/ion reactions between each of these reagents and doubly protonated peptides result in the formation of a long-lived complex. Collisional activation of the complex containing a peroxymonosulfate anion results in oxygen transfer from the reagent to the peptide to generate the M + H + O species. Activation of the complex containing intact persulfate anion either results in oxygen transfer to generate the M + H + O species or abstraction of two hydrogen atoms and a proton to generate the M - H species. Activation of the complex containing sulfate radical anion results in abstraction of one hydrogen atom and a proton to form the peptide radical cation, M. This suite of reagents allows for the facile transformation of the multiply protonated peptides obtained via nESI into a variety of oxidized species capable of providing complementary information about the sequence and structure of the peptide.