Hamilton Alan R, Beck Katie L, Kaulbach Jillian, Kenny Megan, Basset Fabien A, DiSanto Mario C, Behm David G
1School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada; and 2Institute of Professional Physical Education, Cordoba, Argentina.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Nov;29(11):3197-205. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000982.
Two protocols were undertaken to help clarify the effects of breathing techniques on hamstrings (hip flexion) range of motion (ROM). The protocols examined effects of breathing conditions on ROM and trunk muscle activity. Protocol 1: Thirty recreationally active participants (15 male, 15 female, 20-25 years) were monitored for changes in single-leg raise (SLR) ROM with 7 breathing conditions before or during a passive supine SLR stretch. Breathing conditions included prestretch inhale, prestretch exhale, inhale-during stretch, exhale-during stretch, neutral, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation before stretch. Protocol 2: Eighteen recreationally active participants (9 male, 9 female, 20-25 years) were monitored for electromyographic (EMG) activity of the rectus abdominus, external obliques, lower abdominal stabilizers, and lower erector spinae while performing the 7 breathing conditions before or during a passive SLR stretch. Control exhibited less ROM (p = 0.008) than the prestretch inhale (7.7%), inhale-during stretch (10.9%), and hypoventilation (11.2%) conditions with females. Protocol 3: Greater overall muscle activity in the prestretch exhale condition was found compared with inhale-during stretch (43.1%↓; p = 0.029) and hypoventilation (51.2%↓; p = 0.049) conditions. As the inhale-during stretch and hypoventilation conditions produced the lowest levels of muscle activity for both sexes and the highest ROM for the females, it can be assumed that both mechanical and neural factors affect female SLR ROM. Lesser male ROM might be attributed to anatomical differences such as greater joint stiffness. The breathing techniques may have affected intra-abdominal pressure, trunk muscle cocontractions, and sympathetic neural activity to enhance female ROM.
采用了两种方案来帮助阐明呼吸技术对腘绳肌（髋关节屈曲）活动范围（ROM）的影响。这些方案研究了呼吸条件对ROM和躯干肌肉活动的影响。方案1：在被动仰卧单腿抬高（SLR）拉伸之前或期间，对30名有休闲运动习惯的参与者（15名男性，15名女性，20 - 25岁）在7种呼吸条件下的单腿抬高ROM变化进行监测。呼吸条件包括拉伸前吸气、拉伸前呼气、拉伸时吸气、拉伸时呼气、自然呼吸、过度通气和拉伸前低通气。方案2：在被动SLR拉伸之前或期间，对18名有休闲运动习惯的参与者（9名男性，9名女性，20 - 25岁）在进行7种呼吸条件时的腹直肌、腹外斜肌、下腹部稳定肌和下竖脊肌的肌电图（EMG）活动进行监测。在女性中，对照组的ROM比拉伸前吸气（7.7%）、拉伸时吸气（10.9%）和低通气（11.2%）条件下的ROM小（p = 0.008）。方案3：与拉伸时吸气（下降43.1%；p = 0.029）和低通气（下降51.2%；p = 0.049）条件相比，发现拉伸前呼气条件下的总体肌肉活动更大。由于拉伸时吸气和低通气条件下男女的肌肉活动水平最低，而女性的ROM最高，因此可以假设机械因素和神经因素都会影响女性的SLR ROM。男性较小的ROM可能归因于解剖学差异，如更大的关节僵硬。呼吸技术可能影响了腹内压、躯干肌肉共同收缩和交感神经活动，从而增加了女性的ROM。
