Roura Maria, Domingo Andreu, Leyva-Moral Juan M, Pool Robert
ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB) Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 4th floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
Centre for Demographic Studies, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Ca n'Altayó. Edifici E2, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
BMC Public Health. 2015 May 7;15:472. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1799-x.
Policy makers and health practitioners are in need of guidance to respond to the growing geographic mobility of Hispano-American migrants in Europe. Drawing from contributions from epidemiology, social sciences, demography, psychology, psychiatry and economy, this scoping review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis of studies addressing the health status and determinants of this population. We describe major research gaps and suggest specific avenues of further inquiry.
We identified systematically papers that addressed the concepts "health" and "Hispano Americans" indexed in five data bases from Jan 1990 to May 2014 with no language restrictions. We screened the 4,464 citations retrieved against exclusion criteria and classified 193 selected references in 12 thematic folders with the aid of the reference management software ENDNOTE X6. After reviewing the full text of all papers we extracted relevant data systematically into a table template to facilitate the synthesising process.
Most studies focused on a particular disease, leaving unexplored the interlinkages between different health conditions and how these relate to legislative, health services, environmental, occupational, and other health determinants. We elucidated some consistent results but there were many heterogeneous findings and several popular beliefs were not fully supported by empirical evidence. Few studies adopted a trans-national perspective and many consisted of cross-sectional descriptions that considered "Hispano-Americans" as a homogeneous category, limiting our analysis. Our results are also constrained by the availability and varying quality of studies reviewed.
Burgeoning research has produced some consistent findings but there are huge gaps in knowledge. To prevent unhelpful generalisations we need a more holistic and nuanced understanding of how mobility, ethnicity, income, gender, legislative status, employment status, working conditions, neighbourhood characteristics and social status intersect with demographic variables and policy contexts to influence the health of the diverse Hispano-American populations present in Europe.
政策制定者和卫生从业者需要相关指导，以应对欧洲西班牙裔美国移民日益增长的地理流动性。本综述借鉴了流行病学、社会科学、人口统计学、心理学、精神病学和经济学等领域的研究成果，对有关该人群健康状况及其决定因素的研究进行了最新、全面的综合分析。我们描述了主要的研究空白，并提出了进一步探究的具体途径。
我们系统地检索了1990年1月至2014年5月期间五个数据库中索引的涉及“健康”和“西班牙裔美国人”概念的论文，无语言限制。我们根据排除标准对检索到的4464条引文进行筛选，并借助参考文献管理软件ENDNOTE X6将193篇选定的参考文献分类到12个主题文件夹中。在审阅了所有论文的全文后，我们将相关数据系统地提取到一个表格模板中，以促进综合分析过程。
大多数研究集中在某一种特定疾病上，未探讨不同健康状况之间的相互联系，以及这些联系与立法、卫生服务、环境、职业和其他健康决定因素之间的关系。我们阐明了一些一致的结果，但也有许多不同的发现，一些普遍看法并未得到实证证据的充分支持。很少有研究采用跨国视角，许多研究只是横断面描述，将“西班牙裔美国人”视为一个同质群体，这限制了我们的分析。我们的结果还受到所审查研究的可得性和质量参差不齐的限制。
新兴研究已经产生了一些一致的发现，但知识方面仍存在巨大差距。为避免无益的一概而论，我们需要更全面、细致地了解流动性、种族、收入、性别、立法地位、就业状况、工作条件、社区特征和社会地位如何与人口变量和政策背景相互作用，从而影响欧洲不同西班牙裔美国人群体的健康。
