Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas, S/N 06071, Badajoz, Spain,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Sep;22(18):13915-25. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4622-4. Epub 2015 May 7.
Olive oil agrifood industry generates large amounts of waste whose recycling as organic amendment represents an alternative to their disposal. The impact of de-oiled two-phase olive mill waste (DW) on the fate of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in Mediterranean agricultural soils was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of the transformation of organic matter from this waste under field conditions was assessed. Four Mediterranean agricultural soils were selected and amended in laboratory with fresh DW and field-aged DW (DW and ADW treatments, respectively). Adsorption capacity increased by factors between 1.18 and 3.59, for the DW-amended soils, and by factor of 4.93, for ADW-amended soil, with respect to unamended soils, when 5% amendment was applied. The DW amendment had inhibitory effect on dehydrogenase activity and slowed herbicide dissipation, whereas the opposite effect was observed in ADW treatments. In the field-amended soil, the amount of MCPA leached was significantly reduced from 56.9% for unamended soil to 15.9% at the 5% rate. However, leaching losses of MCPA increased in the laboratory-amended soils, because of their high water-soluble organic carbon values which could enhance MCPA mobility, especially in the acidic soils. Therefore, the application of DW as organic amendment in Mediterranean agricultural soils could be an important management strategy to reduce MCPA leaching, especially if the organic matter had been previously transformed by ageing processes.
橄榄油农业食品工业产生大量废物，将其回收作为有机肥料是废物处理的一种替代方法。本研究评估了脱油两相橄榄磨废料（DW）对 4-氯-2-甲基苯氧乙酸（MCPA）在地中海农业土壤中归宿的影响。此外，还评估了该废物中有机质在田间条件下转化的影响。选择了四种地中海农业土壤，并在实验室中用新鲜 DW 和田间老化 DW（DW 和 ADW 处理，分别）进行了改良。与未改良土壤相比，当添加 5%的改良剂时，DW 改良土壤的吸附能力增加了 1.18 到 3.59 倍，而 ADW 改良土壤的吸附能力增加了 4.93 倍。DW 改良对脱氢酶活性有抑制作用，并减缓了除草剂的消解，而 ADW 处理则产生相反的效果。在田间改良土壤中，与未改良土壤相比，MCPA 的淋溶量从 56.9%显著减少到 5%时的 15.9%。然而，由于实验室改良土壤中的水溶性有机碳值较高，可能会增强 MCPA 的迁移性，尤其是在酸性土壤中，因此 MCPA 的淋溶损失在实验室改良土壤中增加。因此，将 DW 作为有机肥料应用于地中海农业土壤可能是减少 MCPA 淋溶的重要管理策略，特别是如果有机质已经通过老化过程进行了转化。
