Pulmonary brucellosis.

Pulmonary abnormalities in brucellosis are rare. We report on nine cases (five adults and four children) with pulmonary brucellosis. All presented with fever, cough and mucopurulent sputum, and most had abnormal signs in the chest. Radiography of the chest showed pneumonic patches or consolidation in five patients, pleural effusion in three, granuloma of the lung in one and a picture of interstitial pneumonitis in one. All the patients had a brucella agglutination titre of 1:320 or more, and an elevated titre in the brucella-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of IgM, IgG and IgA. Blood cultures grew Brucella melitensis in six patients while the pleural fluid aspirate grew the same organism in two of three patients. Treatment with oral oxytetracycline, doxycycline, rifampicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole alone, in combination with each other or together with intramuscular streptomycin was successful in all patients. All our patients recovered and none relapsed.