Kameg Kirstyn Marie, Richardson Luann, Szpak Janene Luther
Robert Morris University, Moon Township, PA, USA.
J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 2015 May;28(2):84-91. doi: 10.1111/jcap.12111. Epub 2015 May 7.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may have an onset in childhood or adolescence resulting in significant functional impairment and disability into adulthood. There are frequently developmental differences in the content of the obsessions and compulsions in youth compared to adults. Lack of insight or shame may result in failure of the youth to seek treatment. This delay in treatment may lead to the development of other psychiatric comorbidities, including suicide. Evidence-based treatments for OCD include cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure/response prevention, and in moderate to severe cases, use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is indicated. Advanced practice psychiatric nurses are in a unique position to provide psychoeducation, psychotherapy, and medications, if indicated, to youth with this condition to improve functioning and reduce morbidity and mortality. This article will provide an overview of the diagnostic criteria for OCD, etiologies, assessment strategies, differential diagnoses, common comorbidities, and evidence-based treatment options.
强迫症（OCD）可能在儿童期或青少年期发病，导致严重的功能损害，并持续到成年期造成残疾。与成年人相比，青少年的强迫观念和强迫行为的内容通常存在发育差异。缺乏洞察力或羞耻感可能导致青少年不寻求治疗。这种治疗延迟可能会导致其他精神疾病合并症的发展，包括自杀。强迫症的循证治疗方法包括认知行为疗法和暴露/反应预防，对于中度至重度病例，建议使用选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂。高级执业精神科护士处于独特的地位，可为患有这种疾病的青少年提供心理教育、心理治疗以及必要时的药物治疗，以改善其功能，降低发病率和死亡率。本文将概述强迫症的诊断标准、病因、评估策略、鉴别诊断、常见合并症以及循证治疗方案。
