Nourinezhad Jamal, Mazaheri Yazdan, Biglari Zahra
Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
D.V.M student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2015 Aug;298(8):1479-91. doi: 10.1002/ar.23169. Epub 2015 Jun 7.
The detailed morphology and topography of the cranial cervical ganglion (CCG) with its surrounding structures were studied in 10 sides of five heads of adult one-humped camel to determine its general arrangement as well as its differences and similarities to other animals. The following detailed descriptions were obtained: (1) the bilateral CCG was constantly present caudal to cranial base at the rostroventral border of the occipital condyle over the caudolateral part of nasopharynx; (2) the CCG was always in close relations medially with the longus capitis muscle, rostrolaterally with the internal carotid artery, and caudally with the vagus nerve; and (3) the branches of the CCG were the internal carotid and external carotid nerves, jugular nerve, cervical interganglionic branch, laryngopharyngeal branch, carotid sinus branch and communicating branches to the vagus, and first spinal nerves. In conclusion, there was no variation regarding topography of dromedary CCG among the specimens, in spite of typical variations in number, and mainly in origin of nerve branches ramifying from the CCG. In comparative anatomy aspect, the close constant relations, and presence of major nerves (internal/external carotid and jugular nerves) of dromedary CCG exhibited a typical reported animal's pattern. However, the shape, structures lateral to the CCG, the origin and course pattern of external carotid and jugular nerves, the number of the major nerves branches, the communicating branches of the CCG to the spinal and cranial nerves, and the separation of most rostral parts of vagosympathetic trunk of dromedary were different from those of most reported animals.
对成年单峰骆驼五个头部的10侧标本进行研究，以观察颈前神经节（CCG）及其周围结构的详细形态和局部解剖位置，从而确定其总体布局以及与其他动物的异同。获得了以下详细描述：（1）双侧CCG始终位于颅底尾侧、枕髁的嘴腹侧边缘、鼻咽的尾外侧部分；（2）CCG在内侧始终与头长肌关系密切，在嘴外侧与颈内动脉关系密切，在尾侧与迷走神经关系密切；（3）CCG的分支有颈内和颈外神经、颈静脉神经、颈神经节间支、喉咽支、颈动脉窦支以及与迷走神经和第一脊神经的交通支。总之，尽管在数量上存在典型变异，主要是CCG发出的神经分支的起源存在变异，但单峰骆驼CCG的局部解剖位置在各标本间并无差异。在比较解剖学方面，单峰骆驼CCG紧密恒定的关系以及主要神经（颈内/外神经和颈静脉神经）的存在呈现出典型的报道动物模式。然而，CCG外侧的形状、结构、颈外神经和颈静脉神经的起源和走行模式、主要神经分支的数量、CCG与脊神经和脑神经的交通支，以及单峰骆驼迷走交感干最前端部分的分离情况与大多数报道动物不同。
