美国老年人听力保健中的种族/族裔及社会经济差异
Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Hearing Health Care Among Older Americans.
作者信息
Nieman Carrie L, Marrone Nicole, Szanton Sarah L, Thorpe Roland J, Lin Frank R
机构信息
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA The Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
出版信息
J Aging Health. 2016 Feb;28(1):68-94. doi: 10.1177/0898264315585505. Epub 2015 May 7.
OBJECTIVE
Hearing impairment is highly prevalent, but little is known about hearing health care among older minority adults.
METHOD
We analyzed nationally representative, cross-sectional data from 1,544 older adults ≥ 70 years with audiometry and hearing care data from the 2005-2006 and 2009-2010 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys.
RESULTS
After adjusting for age and speech frequency pure tone average, Blacks (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, vs. Whites) and those with greater education (OR = 1.63, ≥ college vs. < high school) were more likely to report recent hearing testing, while White older adults and those with greater socioeconomic status were more likely to report regular hearing aid use (all ps < .05). Based on a multivariate analysis, Blacks were not more likely than Whites to use hearing aids despite being more likely to have had recent hearing testing.
DISCUSSION
Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities exist in hearing health care and represent critical areas for research and intervention.
目的
听力障碍非常普遍，但对于老年少数族裔成年人的听力保健情况却知之甚少。
方法
我们分析了来自2005 - 2006年和2009 - 2010年国家健康与营养检查调查的全国代表性横断面数据，这些数据来自1544名70岁及以上的老年人，包含听力测定和听力保健数据。
结果
在调整年龄和言语频率纯音平均值后，黑人（优势比[OR]=1.68，与白人相比）和受教育程度较高者（OR = 1.63，大学及以上学历与高中以下学历相比）更有可能报告近期进行过听力测试，而白人老年人和社会经济地位较高者更有可能报告经常使用助听器（所有p值<0.05）。基于多变量分析，尽管黑人比白人更有可能近期进行过听力测试，但使用助听器的可能性并不比白人高。
讨论
听力保健方面存在种族/民族和社会经济差异，这是研究和干预的关键领域。
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