美国老年人使用助听器情况；2005 - 2006年及2009 - 2010年国家健康与营养检查调查
Hearing aid use among older U.S. adults; the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2005-2006 and 2009-2010.
作者信息
Bainbridge Kathleen E, Ramachandran Virginia
机构信息
1National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and 2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
出版信息
Ear Hear. 2014 May-Jun;35(3):289-94. doi: 10.1097/01.aud.0000441036.40169.29.
OBJECTIVES
The authors estimated the proportion of older adults in the United States who report hearing aid use among those likely to benefit. To more fully understand what factors underlie the low proportion of hearing aid use, the authors examined a variety of socio-demographic correlates as well as measures of health care access and insurance status in relation to hearing aid use among potential hearing aid candidates.
DESIGN
The study makes use of cross-sectional data collected during 2005-2006 and 2009-2010 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The 1636 adults aged 70 years and older were selected by using a complex sampling design and comprise a nationally representative sample. In addition to self-reported hearing aid use, data on pure-tone thresholds, perceived hearing ability, place for routine health care, time since last hearing test, type of insurance coverage, and socio-demographic characteristics including age, sex, race/ethnicity, family size, and income-to-poverty ratio were collected. The analytical sample consisted of 601 adults who had a better-ear pure-tone average of ≥35 dB HL at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz or who reported moderate or worse hearing ability.
RESULTS
One third of the potential hearing aid candidates reported current use of hearing aids. The authors observed a 28 to 66% greater prevalence of hearing aid use among older adults in the upper four fifths of the income-to-poverty distribution compared with those in the bottom one fifth. Compared with people who had their hearing tested 5 to 9 years ago, those with more recent hearing tests were more than two to three times as likely to be a current hearing aid user. No differences were observed by age after adjusting for pure-tone average and no differences were observed by sex after adjusting for perceived hearing ability. No differences were observed by place of routine health care or by type of insurance coverage.
CONCLUSIONS
Use of hearing aids is low among older adults who might benefit. Identifying and surmounting barriers to hearing aid use, especially among low-income adults, remains an important objective for hearing health care in the United States.
目的
作者估算了美国可能受益的老年人中报告使用助听器的比例。为了更全面地了解助听器使用率低的潜在因素，作者研究了各种社会人口统计学相关因素以及与潜在助听器使用者的助听器使用情况相关的医疗保健可及性和保险状况指标。
设计
该研究利用了2005 - 2006年和2009 - 2010年期间作为国家健康和营养检查调查的一部分收集的横断面数据。通过复杂抽样设计选取了1636名70岁及以上的成年人，构成了一个具有全国代表性的样本。除了自我报告的助听器使用情况外，还收集了关于纯音阈值、感知听力能力、常规医疗保健地点、上次听力测试后的时间、保险覆盖类型以及包括年龄、性别、种族/族裔、家庭规模和收入贫困比在内的社会人口统计学特征的数据。分析样本由601名成年人组成，他们在500、1000和2000赫兹时较好耳的纯音平均听阈≥35分贝HL，或者报告有中度或更差的听力能力。
结果
三分之一的潜在助听器使用者报告目前正在使用助听器。作者观察到，收入贫困分布上五分之四的老年人中助听器使用率比最底层五分之一的老年人高28%至66%。与5至9年前进行听力测试的人相比，最近进行听力测试的人成为当前助听器使用者的可能性是前者的两到三倍多。在调整纯音平均听阈后，未观察到年龄差异；在调整感知听力能力后，未观察到性别差异。在常规医疗保健地点或保险覆盖类型方面未观察到差异。
结论
在可能受益的老年人中，助听器的使用率较低。识别并克服助听器使用的障碍，尤其是在低收入成年人中，仍然是美国听力保健的一个重要目标。
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