Bo Qiyu, Ma Shan, Han Qian, Wang Fei E, Li Xiaorong, Zhang Yan
Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2015;25(1):23-32. doi: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2015012376.
Autophagy, a highly conserved self-degradation process that occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions, provides the raw material and energy for cell regeneration under normal circumstances. Dysregulated autophagy under diseased conditions may cause protein accumulation, organelle dysfunction, and even cell death. Recent studies have shown that autophagy regulates the structural integrity and physiological functions of retinal photoreceptor cells and contributes to the pathogenesis of retinopathies such as retinal detachment, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and Leber's congenital amaurosis. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy in photoreceptor cell survival and death in retinal physiology and diseases, and suggest the possibility that autophagy-targeting therapy may be a new strategy for retinal diseases marked by photoreceptor cell death.
自噬是一种在生理和病理条件下均会发生的高度保守的自我降解过程，在正常情况下为细胞再生提供原料和能量。疾病状态下自噬失调可能导致蛋白质积累、细胞器功能障碍，甚至细胞死亡。最近的研究表明，自噬调节视网膜光感受器细胞的结构完整性和生理功能，并参与视网膜脱离、年龄相关性黄斑变性、色素性视网膜炎和莱伯先天性黑矇等视网膜病变的发病机制。在本综述中，我们讨论了自噬在视网膜生理和疾病中光感受器细胞存活与死亡中的作用，并提出以自噬为靶点的治疗可能是针对以光感受器细胞死亡为特征的视网膜疾病的一种新策略。
