Yu Ian, Garnham Christopher P, Roll-Mecak Antonina
From the Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, NINDS, and.
From the Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, NINDS, and NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
J Biol Chem. 2015 Jul 10;290(28):17163-72. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R115.637447. Epub 2015 May 8.
Microtubules give rise to intracellular structures with diverse morphologies and dynamics that are crucial for cell division, motility, and differentiation. They are decorated with abundant and chemically diverse posttranslational modifications that modulate their stability and interactions with cellular regulators. These modifications are important for the biogenesis and maintenance of complex microtubule arrays such as those found in spindles, cilia, neuronal processes, and platelets. Here we discuss the nature and subcellular distribution of these posttranslational marks whose patterns have been proposed to constitute a tubulin code that is interpreted by cellular effectors. We review the enzymes responsible for writing the tubulin code, explore their functional consequences, and identify outstanding challenges in deciphering the tubulin code.
微管产生具有多样形态和动力学的细胞内结构，这些结构对于细胞分裂、运动和分化至关重要。它们带有丰富且化学性质多样的翻译后修饰，这些修饰可调节其稳定性以及与细胞调节因子的相互作用。这些修饰对于复杂微管阵列的生物发生和维持很重要，例如纺锤体、纤毛、神经突和血小板中的微管阵列。在这里，我们讨论这些翻译后标记的性质和亚细胞分布，其模式已被提出构成一种由细胞效应器解读的微管蛋白密码。我们回顾负责书写微管蛋白密码的酶，探讨其功能后果，并确定在破译微管蛋白密码方面的突出挑战。
