Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Sep 15;527-528:100-10. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.001. Epub 2015 May 14.
In the present work, we investigated the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(loid)s in indoor/outdoor PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in a retirement home and a school dormitory in Tehran from May 2012 to May 2013. The results indicated that the annual levels of indoor and outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 were much higher than the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO). The most abundant detected metal(loid)s in PM were Si, Fe, Zn, Al, and Pb. We found higher percentages of metal(loid)s in smaller size fractions of PM. Additionally, the results showed that the total PAHs (ƩPAHs) bound to PM were predominantly (83-88%) found in PM2.5, which can penetrate deep into the alveolar regions of the lungs. In general, carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 40-47% of the total PAHs concentrations; furthermore, the smaller the particle size, the higher the percentage of carcinogenic PAHs. The percentages of trace metal(loid)s and carcinogenic PAHs in PM2.5 mass were almost twice as high as those in PM10. This can most likely be responsible for the fact that PM2.5 can cause more adverse health effects than PM10 can. The average BaP-equivalent carcinogenic (BaP-TEQ) levels both indoors and outdoors considerably exceeded the maximum permissible risk level of 1 ng/m(3) of BaP. The enrichment factors and diagnostic ratios indicated that combustion-related anthropogenic sources, such as gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles as well as natural gas combustion, were the major sources of PAHs and trace metal(loid)s bound to PM.
在本工作中，我们调查了 2012 年 5 月至 2013 年 5 月在德黑兰的养老院和学生宿舍内/外 PM10、PM2.5 和 PM1 中多环芳烃（PAHs）和金属（类）的特征。结果表明，室内和室外 PM10 和 PM2.5 的年水平远高于世界卫生组织（WHO）发布的指导值。在 PM 中检测到的最丰富的金属（类）是 Si、Fe、Zn、Al 和 Pb。我们发现较小 PM 粒径分数中存在更高比例的金属（类）。此外，结果表明，与 PM 结合的总多环芳烃（∑PAHs）主要（83-88%）存在于 PM2.5 中，其可穿透至肺部的肺泡区域。总体而言，致癌 PAHs 占总 PAHs 浓度的 40-47%；此外，粒径越小，致癌 PAHs 的百分比越高。痕量金属（类）和 PM2.5 质量中致癌 PAHs 的百分比几乎是 PM10 的两倍。这很可能是 PM2.5 比 PM10 更能引起更多不良健康影响的原因。室内和室外的平均 BaP 等效致癌（BaP-TEQ）水平大大超过了 1ng/m3 BaP 的最大允许风险水平。富集因子和诊断比表明，与燃烧有关的人为源，如汽油和柴油燃料车辆以及天然气燃烧，是 PAHs 和与 PM 结合的痕量金属（类）的主要来源。
