Isetti Derek, Eadie Tanya
Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California.
Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
J Voice. 2016 May;30(3):293-300. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.04.006. Epub 2015 May 7.
The Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA) resulted in changes to the legal definition of disability and substantially affected how those with voice disorders may qualify for reasonable accommodations under the law. However, there has been little guidance and a lack of awareness about these changes within the voice literature. This article examines the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), the changes made in 2008 (ADAAA), and how the law applies to individuals with voice disorders.
This is a review article.
The ADA and ADAAA are summarized with a particular focus on individuals with voice disorders. Types of reasonable accommodations within the workplace are suggested, and online resources are provided which outline the disclosure and accommodation process. Practical examples are used to provide guidance for clinicians who may be involved in counseling this clinical population.
RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Many individuals with voice disorders may not realize that their conditions can be classified as disabilities under the law, entitling them to workplace accommodations and time off to pursue medical treatment. However, disclosure laws such as the right to refrain from mentioning a disability during a job interview may not be protective of individuals with severe voice impairments, as symptoms are often difficult to conceal. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
2008年《美国残疾人法案修订案》（ADAAA）对残疾的法律定义进行了修改，并极大地影响了嗓音障碍患者根据法律获得合理便利的资格认定方式。然而，在嗓音领域的文献中，关于这些变化的指导很少，人们对此也缺乏认识。本文探讨了1990年《美国残疾人法案》（ADA）、2008年的修改内容（ADAAA）以及该法律如何适用于嗓音障碍患者。
这是一篇综述文章。
对ADA和ADAAA进行了总结，特别关注嗓音障碍患者。文中提出了工作场所合理便利的类型，并提供了概述披露和便利流程的在线资源。通过实际案例为可能参与为这一临床群体提供咨询的临床医生提供指导。
结果/结论：许多嗓音障碍患者可能没有意识到，根据法律，他们的病情可被归类为残疾，这使他们有权在工作场所获得便利，并有权请假接受治疗。然而，诸如在求职面试中有权不提及残疾等披露法律可能无法保护嗓音严重受损的患者，因为症状往往难以隐瞒。文中讨论了临床意义和未来研究方向。
