Gunady Maria, Shishkina Natalia, Tan Henry, Rodriguez Clemencia
Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Grace Vaughan House, 227 Stubbs Terrace, Shenton Park, WA 6008, Australia.
J Environ Public Health. 2015;2015:716957. doi: 10.1155/2015/716957. Epub 2015 Apr 19.
On-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are widely used in Western Australia (WA) to treat and dispose of household wastewater in areas where centralized sewerage systems are unavailable. Septic tanks, aerobic treatment units (ATUs), and composting toilets with greywater systems are among the most well established and commonly used OWTS. However, there are concerns that some OWTS installed in WA are either performing below expected standards or failing. Poorly performing OWTS are often attributed to inadequate installation, inadequate maintenance, poor public awareness, insufficient local authority resources, ongoing wastewater management issues, or inadequate adoption of standards, procedures, and guidelines. This paper is to review the installations and failures of OWTS in WA. Recommendations to the Department of Health Western Australia (DOHWA) and Local Government (LG) in regard to management strategies and institutional arrangements of OWTS are also highlighted.
现场污水处理系统（OWTS）在西澳大利亚州（WA）被广泛用于处理和处置集中排水系统无法覆盖地区的生活污水。化粪池、好氧处理单元（ATU）以及带有中水系统的堆肥厕所是最成熟且常用的现场污水处理系统。然而，有人担心西澳大利亚州安装的一些现场污水处理系统运行未达预期标准或出现故障。运行不佳的现场污水处理系统往往归因于安装不当、维护不足、公众意识淡薄、地方当局资源不足、持续存在的废水管理问题，或对标准、程序和指南的采用不足。本文旨在回顾西澳大利亚州现场污水处理系统的安装与故障情况。还强调了就现场污水处理系统的管理策略和制度安排向西澳大利亚州卫生部（DOHWA）和地方政府（LG）提出的建议。
