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慢性汉坦病毒感染对雌性宿主繁殖力的年龄相关影响。

Age-related effects of chronic hantavirus infection on female host fecundity.

作者信息

Kallio Eva R, Helle Heikki, Koskela Esa, Mappes Tapio, Vapalahti Olli

机构信息

Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland.

Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.

出版信息

J Anim Ecol. 2015 Sep;84(5):1264-72. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12387. Epub 2015 Jun 15.

Abstract
  1. Pathogens often cause detrimental effects to their hosts and, consequently, may influence host population dynamics that may, in turn, feed back to pathogen transmission dynamics. Understanding fitness effects of pathogens upon animal host populations can help to predict the risks that zoonotic pathogens pose to humans. 2. Here we determine whether chronic infection by Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) affects important fitness-related traits, namely the probability of breeding, reproductive effort and mother and offspring condition, in the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Using 9 years empirical data in a PUUV endemic area in Central Finland, we found differences between reproductive characteristics of PUUV-infected and uninfected female bank voles. 3. Young infected females had a significantly higher, and old individuals lower, likelihood of reproducing than uninfected animals during the middle of the breeding season. The implication is that PUUV infection may have long-term deleterious effects that are observed at old age, while in young individuals, the infection may enhance breeding probability by directing resources towards current breeding. 4. Moreover, PUUV infection was related with the mother's body condition. Infected mothers were in poorer condition than uninfected mothers in the early breeding season, but were in better condition than uninfected mothers during the middle of the breeding season. Offspring body condition was positively associated with mother's body condition, which, in turn, was related to the PUUV infection status of the mother. 5. Our findings indicate that chronic infection may affect the reproduction of female hosts, but the effect is dependent on the host age. The effect of chronic hantavirus infection was small and density-independent and hence unlikely to contribute to the cyclic population dynamics of the host. However, the effects on a female's reproductive output might affect the abundance of young susceptible individuals in the population and hence influence the transmission and persistence of the pathogen. Although experimental and long-term capture-mark-recapture studies are required to further clarify the fitness effects of hantavirus infection and their consequences for pathogen dynamics, this study shows that the infection may have complex effects that are dependent on the age of the individual and the time of the breeding season.
摘要
  1. 病原体常常对其宿主造成有害影响,进而可能影响宿主种群动态,而宿主种群动态反过来又可能反馈到病原体传播动态。了解病原体对动物宿主种群的适应性影响有助于预测人畜共患病原体对人类构成的风险。2. 在此,我们确定普马拉汉坦病毒(PUUV)的慢性感染是否会影响棕背䶄(Myodes glareolus)的重要适应性相关特征,即繁殖概率、繁殖投入以及母体和后代状况。利用芬兰中部一个PUUV流行地区的9年实证数据,我们发现感染PUUV和未感染的雌性棕背䶄在繁殖特征上存在差异。3. 在繁殖季节中期,年轻的感染雌性比未感染动物繁殖的可能性显著更高,而老年个体则更低。这意味着PUUV感染可能具有在老年时才会观察到的长期有害影响,而在年轻个体中,感染可能通过将资源导向当前繁殖来提高繁殖概率。4. 此外,PUUV感染与母体身体状况有关。在繁殖季节早期,感染的母体状况比未感染的母体差,但在繁殖季节中期,其状况比未感染的母体好。后代身体状况与母体身体状况呈正相关,而母体身体状况又与母体的PUUV感染状态有关。5. 我们的研究结果表明,慢性感染可能会影响雌性宿主的繁殖,但这种影响取决于宿主年龄。汉坦病毒慢性感染的影响较小且与密度无关,因此不太可能导致宿主的周期性种群动态。然而,对雌性繁殖产出的影响可能会影响种群中年轻易感个体的数量,从而影响病原体的传播和持续存在。尽管需要进行实验和长期的标记重捕研究来进一步阐明汉坦病毒感染的适应性影响及其对病原体动态的后果,但这项研究表明,感染可能具有复杂的影响,这取决于个体年龄和繁殖季节的时间。

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