Guterres Alexandro, de Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio
Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
One Health. 2018 Jan 2;5:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2017.12.002. eCollection 2018 Jun.
Most human pathogenic hantaviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fevers with a high rate of fatalities, such as occurs due to the genotypes causing hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome carried by the New World Sigmodontinae and Neotominae rodents. An increasing number of outbreaks and the possibility of cases spreading over international borders have led to greater interest in these viruses and the environmental determinants that facilitate their transmission. Rodents, shrews, moles and bats act as reservoir hosts of hantaviruses, and within the hantavirus transmission flow, the prevalence and distribution of infection in reservoir hosts is influenced by a range of factors. Climate change and landscape alteration affect hantavirus transmission, but the outcomes can differ among different hantaviruses and for the same virus in differentbiomes. However, it is evident that the underlying mechanisms that mediate hantavirus transmission are largely unknown, so that much work remains to be done regarding the transmission dynamics of hantaviruses. Overall, our review highlights the importance of examining interactions over several trophic levels and the underlying mechanisms (density and trait-mediated indirect effects) linking predation risk and hantavirus transmission, to develop an ecological framework to understand disease in natural, preserved and degraded systems.
大多数人类致病性汉坦病毒会引发严重出血热，致死率很高，比如由新大陆稻鼠亚科和林鼠亚科啮齿动物携带的导致汉坦病毒心肺综合征的基因型所引发的出血热。越来越多的疫情爆发以及病例跨越国界传播的可能性，引发了人们对这些病毒以及促成其传播的环境决定因素的更大关注。啮齿动物、鼩鼱、鼹鼠和蝙蝠是汉坦病毒的储存宿主，在汉坦病毒传播链中，储存宿主感染的流行率和分布受到一系列因素的影响。气候变化和景观改变会影响汉坦病毒传播，但不同汉坦病毒以及同一病毒在不同生物群落中的影响结果可能不同。然而，很明显，介导汉坦病毒传播的潜在机制在很大程度上尚不清楚，因此关于汉坦病毒传播动态仍有许多工作要做。总体而言，我们的综述强调了研究多个营养级之间的相互作用以及将捕食风险与汉坦病毒传播联系起来的潜在机制（密度和性状介导的间接影响）的重要性，以便建立一个生态框架来理解自然、保护和退化系统中的疾病。
