Valente Nicola Alberto
Periodontics resident, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2016 Oct;18(5):1042-1050. doi: 10.1111/cid.12355. Epub 2015 May 12.
The alveolar antral artery (AAA) is a vascular structure that often passes through the area of lateral window opening during sinus augmentation and can reach dimensions that, if the vessel is severed, can represent a serious complication of the surgical procedure.
With this narrative review, we aimed at summarizing the results obtained from all the studies that analyzed the variability in anatomical position and dimension of the AAA in order to give the clinician a reference when planning for a sinus augmentation surgery.
A search of available literature was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed and Medline) and manual searching.
Detection rate of AAA on cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) is variable and may depend upon the experience of the clinician. The course of the vessel is most frequently intraosseous, and its diameter, despite being smaller than 1 mm in most of the cases, can have a high incidence of diameters between 1 mm and 2 mm. Mean distances of the AAA from alveolar crest and sinus floor range from 11.25 mm to 26.90 mm and 5.80 mm to 10.40 mm.
Anatomical variants of the AAA that may increase the risk of severe intraoperatory bleeding are frequent and must be detected by the clinician implementing the use of the CBCT.
牙槽窦动脉（AAA）是一种血管结构，在鼻窦增高术中常穿过侧窗开口区域，其直径若在手术中被切断，可能导致严重的手术并发症。
通过本叙述性综述，我们旨在总结所有分析牙槽窦动脉解剖位置和直径变异的研究结果，以便为临床医生在计划鼻窦增高手术时提供参考。
通过电子数据库（PubMed和Medline）及手工检索对现有文献进行搜索。
锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）上牙槽窦动脉的检出率各不相同，可能取决于临床医生的经验。该血管的走行大多位于骨内，其直径在大多数情况下小于1毫米，但直径在1毫米至2毫米之间的发生率较高。牙槽窦动脉距牙槽嵴和窦底的平均距离在11.25毫米至26.90毫米以及5.80毫米至10.40毫米之间。
可能增加术中严重出血风险的牙槽窦动脉解剖变异很常见，实施CBCT检查的临床医生必须予以检测。
