Zamani Pozveh Elham, Seif Ahmad, Ghalayani Parichehr, Maleki Abbas, Mottaghi Ahmad
Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School Faculty, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Chemistry, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Lorestan, Iran.
PLoS One. 2015 May 12;10(5):e0126162. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126162. eCollection 2015.
We have determined and compared trace metals concentration in saliva taken from chemical warfare injures who were under the exposure of mustard gas and healthy subjects by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for the first time. The influence of preliminary operations on the accuracy of ICP-OES analysis, blood contamination, the number of restored teeth in the mouth, salivary flow rate, and daily variations in trace metals concentration in saliva were also considered. Unstimulated saliva was collected at 10:00-11:00 a.m. from 45 subjects in three equal groups. The first group was composed of 15 healthy subjects (group 1); the second group consisted of 15 subjects who, upon chemical warfare injuries, did not use Salbutamol spray, which they would have normally used on a regular basis (group 2); and the third group contained the same number of patients as the second group, but they had taken their regular medicine (Salbutamol spray; group 3). Our results showed that the concentration of Cu in saliva was significantly increased in the chemical warfare injures compared to healthy subjects, as follows: healthy subjects 15.3± 5.45 (p.p.b.), patients (group 2) 45.77±13.65, and patients (Salbutamol spray; group 3) 29 ±8.51 (P <0.02). In contrast, zinc was significantly decreased in the patients, as follows: healthy subjects 37 ± 9.03 (p.p.b.), patients (group 2) 12.2 ± 3.56, and patients (Salbutamol spray; group 3) 20.6 ±10.01 (P < 0.01). It is important to note that direct dilution of saliva samples with ultrapure nitric acid showed the optimum ICP-OES outputs.
我们首次通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP - OES）测定并比较了芥子气暴露的化学战伤员和健康受试者唾液中的痕量金属浓度。还考虑了预处理操作对ICP - OES分析准确性、血液污染、口腔中修复牙齿数量、唾液流速以及唾液中痕量金属浓度每日变化的影响。上午10:00 - 11:00收集了45名受试者未刺激的唾液，分为三组，每组人数相等。第一组由15名健康受试者组成（第1组）；第二组由15名化学战伤员组成，他们在受伤后未使用平时常规使用的沙丁胺醇喷雾剂（第2组）；第三组与第二组患者人数相同，但他们服用了常规药物（沙丁胺醇喷雾剂；第3组）。我们的结果表明，与健康受试者相比，化学战伤员唾液中铜的浓度显著升高，具体如下：健康受试者15.3±5.45（ppb），患者（第2组）45.77±13.65，患者（使用沙丁胺醇喷雾剂；第3组）29±8.51（P<0.02）。相比之下，患者体内锌的含量显著降低，具体如下：健康受试者37±9.03（ppb），患者（第2组）12.2±3.56，患者（使用沙丁胺醇喷雾剂；第3组）20.6±10.01（P<0.01）。需要注意的是，用超纯硝酸直接稀释唾液样品可获得最佳的ICP - OES输出结果。
