Fleming Angeleen, Kishida Marcia G, Kimmel Charles B, Keynes Roger J
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
Development. 2015 May 15;142(10):1733-44. doi: 10.1242/dev.118950.
The segmented vertebral column comprises a repeat series of vertebrae, each consisting of two key components: the vertebral body (or centrum) and the vertebral arches. Despite being a defining feature of the vertebrates, much remains to be understood about vertebral development and evolution. Particular controversy surrounds whether vertebral component structures are homologous across vertebrates, how somite and vertebral patterning are connected, and the developmental origin of vertebral bone-mineralizing cells. Here, we assemble evidence from ichthyologists, palaeontologists and developmental biologists to consider these issues. Vertebral arch elements were present in early stem vertebrates, whereas centra arose later. We argue that centra are homologous among jawed vertebrates, and review evidence in teleosts that the notochord plays an instructive role in segmental patterning, alongside the somites, and contributes to mineralization. By clarifying the evolutionary relationship between centra and arches, and their varying modes of skeletal mineralization, we can better appreciate the detailed mechanisms that regulate and diversify vertebral patterning.
分节的脊柱由一系列重复的椎骨组成，每个椎骨都由两个关键部分构成：椎体（或椎 centrum）和椎弓。尽管这是脊椎动物的一个决定性特征，但关于椎体的发育和进化仍有许多有待了解之处。特别具有争议性的问题包括：脊椎动物的椎体组成结构是否同源、体节和椎体模式是如何联系的，以及椎体骨矿化细胞的发育起源。在这里，我们汇集了鱼类学家、古生物学家和发育生物学家的证据来探讨这些问题。椎弓元素在早期脊椎动物干群中就已存在，而椎体则出现得较晚。我们认为，在有颌脊椎动物中椎体是同源的，并回顾了硬骨鱼中关于脊索在节段模式形成中与体节一起发挥指导作用并促进矿化的证据。通过阐明椎体和椎弓之间的进化关系以及它们不同的骨骼矿化模式，我们能够更好地理解调节椎体模式并使其多样化的详细机制。
