Wei Ji Feng, Hu Xiao Yang, Sun Li Qun, Zhang Kai, Chang Yan
Appl Opt. 2015 Mar 20;54(9):2289-95. doi: 10.1364/AO.54.002289.
The calibration method using a high-power halogen tungsten lamp as a calibration source has many advantages such as strong equivalence and high power, so it is very fit for the calibration of high-energy laser energy meters. However, high-power halogen tungsten lamps after power-off still reserve much residual energy and continually radiate energy, which is difficult to be measured. Two measuring systems were found to solve the problems. One system is composed of an integrating sphere and two optical spectrometers, which can accurately characterize the radiative spectra and power-time variation of the halogen tungsten lamp. This measuring system was then calibrated using a normal halogen tungsten lamp made of the same material as the high-power halogen tungsten lamp. In this way, the radiation efficiency of the halogen tungsten lamp after power-off can be quantitatively measured. In the other measuring system, a wide-spectrum power meter was installed far away from the halogen tungsten lamp; thus, the lamp can be regarded as a point light source. The radiation efficiency of residual energy from the halogen tungsten lamp was computed on the basis of geometrical relations. The results show that the halogen tungsten lamp's radiation efficiency was improved with power-on time but did not change under constant power-on time/energy. All the tested halogen tungsten lamps reached 89.3% of radiation efficiency at 50 s after power-on. After power-off, the residual energy in the halogen tungsten lamp gradually dropped to less than 10% of the initial radiation power, and the radiation efficiency changed with time. The final total radiation energy was decided by the halogen tungsten lamp's radiation efficiency, the radiation efficiency of residual energy, and the total power consumption. The measuring uncertainty of total radiation energy was 2.4% (here, the confidence factor is two).
以高功率卤钨灯作为校准源的校准方法具有等效性强、功率高等诸多优点，因此非常适合用于高能激光能量计的校准。然而，断电后的高功率卤钨灯仍保留大量残余能量并持续辐射能量，这难以测量。发现了两种测量系统来解决这些问题。一种系统由积分球和两台光学光谱仪组成，能够准确表征卤钨灯的辐射光谱和功率随时间的变化。然后使用与高功率卤钨灯相同材料制成的普通卤钨灯对该测量系统进行校准。通过这种方式，可以定量测量断电后卤钨灯的辐射效率。在另一种测量系统中，在远离卤钨灯的位置安装了一台宽光谱功率计；因此，该灯可被视为点光源。基于几何关系计算了卤钨灯残余能量的辐射效率。结果表明，卤钨灯的辐射效率随通电时间提高，但在恒定通电时间/能量下不变。所有测试的卤钨灯在通电50秒时辐射效率达到89.3%。断电后，卤钨灯中的残余能量逐渐降至初始辐射功率的10%以下，且辐射效率随时间变化。最终的总辐射能量由卤钨灯的辐射效率、残余能量的辐射效率和总功耗决定。总辐射能量的测量不确定度为2.4%（此处，置信因子为2）。
